Evidence Details for Dlg4
PMID Title Journal Year Abstract
35722406 Electroacupuncture of the Baihui and Shenting acupoints for vascular dementia in rats through the miR-81/IL-16/PSD-95 pathway. Ann Transl Med. 2022 May;10(10):540. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-2068. 2022 May BACKGROUND: There is currently no effective treatment for vascular dementia (VaD). Scalp electroacupuncture (EA) has served clinically as an alternative treatment for VaD, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EA at the Baihui (GV 20) and Shenting (GV 24) acupoints on spatial learning and memory ability, and the expression level of microRNA-81 (miR-81), interleukin-16 (IL-16), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the frontal cortex of VaD rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, sham, VaD, non-acupuncture (non-AP) and EA group. The VaD model was established by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Morris Water Maze was used to assess the rats' spatial learning and memory. Immunochemistry (IHC), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression level of miR-81, IL-16, and PSD-95. Finally, luciferase assay was used to determine the effect of miR-81 on IL-16 expression in PC12 cells. RESULTS: The space exploration experiment of MWM showed the time and distance of the rat's activities around the platform were decreased in the EA group. Compared to the VaD and non-AP group, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive frontal cortical neurons was significantly decreased in EA group. The number of the PSD-95-positive cells and the miR-81 expression level in the frontal cortical in the EA group was dramatically increased in comparison with the other groups. In the PC12 cell validation experiment, IL-16 expression level was reduced under the condition of the miR-81 mimic treatment, while increased in the miR-81 inhibitor group. The PSD-95 protein level was up-regulated in the small interfering (si)RNA-IL16 group compared to the NC-IL16 groups with or without oxygen/glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) conditions (P<0.05). However, this was abolished by miR-81 mimic. CONCLUSIONS: In VaD rats, EA may improve spatial learning and memory through miR-81/IL-16/PSD-95 pathway."

Evidence Sentence: Electroacupuncture of the Baihui and Shenting acupoints for vascular dementia in rats through the miR-81/IL-16/PSD-95 pathway
Evidence Sentence: In VaD rats, EA may improve spatial learning and memory through miR-81/IL-16/PSD-95 pathway.
Evidence Sentence: In this study, we investigated the effect of EA at the Baihui (GV 20) and Shenting (GV 24) acupoints on spatial learning and memory ability, and the expression level of microRNA-81 (miR-81), interleukin-16 (IL-16), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the frontal cortex of VaD rats.
Evidence Sentence: Immunochemistry (IHC), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression level of miR-81, IL-16, and PSD-95.
Evidence Sentence: The number of the PSD-95-positive cells and the miR-81 expression level in the frontal cortical in the EA group was dramatically increased in comparison with the other groups.
Evidence Sentence: The PSD-95 protein level was up-regulated in the small interfering (si)RNA-IL16 group compared to the NC-IL16 groups with or without oxygen/glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) conditions (P<0.05).
Evidence Sentence: EA increases the number of PSD-95-positive granules and miR-81 expression in rats with 2-VO
Evidence Sentence: The IHC products of PSD-95 comprise small, brown particles distributed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
Evidence Sentence: The number and grayscale values of the PSD-95-positive cells in the frontal cortical neurons in the EA group were significantly increased compared to those in the VaD and non-AP groups (Figure 4A,4B).
Evidence Sentence: These results indicate that EA can increase PSD-95 expression in frontal cortical neurons, and that miR-81 is associated with VaD induced by chronic ischemia as well as EA treatment.
Evidence Sentence: To determine whether IL-16 mediates the effect of miR-81 on regulation of PSD-95, IL-16 expression was silenced in PC12 cells subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury and followed by miR-81 mimic/inhibitor treatment.
Evidence Sentence: Western blot analysis revealed PSD-95 protein levels were increased in the si-IL16 group compared to the NC-IL16 group in or not in OGD/R conditions (P<0.05) (Figure 6), but the overall levels of both were reduced in OGD/R conditions (P<0.01).
Evidence Sentence: NC-IL16 + NC-mimic + NC-inhibitor + OGD group), but in the absence of IL-16, PSD-95 was downregulated in cells treated with miR-81 mimic (i.e., NC-IL16 + mimic + NC-inhibitor + OGD vs.
Evidence Sentence: These results indicate that IL-16 is required for the effects of miR-81 for the regulation of PSD-95 in OGD/R injury.