| Evidence Sentence: |
Results demonstrated increased expression of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA, as well as decreased pain threshold, in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain after electroacupuncture. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The present study observed the effects of repeated electroacupuncture of Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) on expression of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA in chronic constrictive injury (neuropathic pain) and/or ovariotomy rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The present study observed the effects of repeated electroacupuncture of Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) on expression of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA in chronic constrictive injury (neuropathic pain) and/or ovariotomy rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Results indicated that repeated electroacupuncture has a cumulative analgesic effect, which is closely associated with upregulation of acetylcholinesterase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter activity, as well as M1 receptor mRNA expression and memory. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
EA increased hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the normal control group, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression did not change in the hippocampal CA1 region of the CCI and OVX + CCI groups (P > 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
However, compared with the CCI group, AChE expression significantly increased in the CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, AChE activity significantly increased in the OVX + CCI + EA 2W group compared with the OVX + CCI group (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In the CCI + EA 2W group, AChE expression was significantly greater than in the OVX + CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05; Figure 2). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the normal control group, VAChT expression significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.05; Figure 1). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the normal control group, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression did not change in the hippocampal CA1 region of the CCI and OVX + CCI groups (P > 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Comapred with the normal control group, expression of hippocampal muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) mRNA in the CCI and OVX + CCI groups was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the CCI group, M1R mRNA expression levels were significantly greater in the CCI + EA 2D and CCI + EA 2W groups (P < 0.05), and the effect of 2W EA was significantly greater than 2D EA (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the OVX + CCI group, M1R mRNA expression was significantly increased in the OVX + CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, M1R mRNA expression was significantly greater in the CCI + EA 2W group compared with the OVX + CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05), suggesting a weakened cumulative effect of EA on M1R mRNA expression in OVX rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
There was no significant difference in M1R mRNA expression between the OVX + CCI and OVX + CCI + EA 2D groups (P > 0.05; Figure 3). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
EA increased hippocampal vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expression |
| Evidence Sentence: |
A larger gray value represents lower VAChT expression. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the normal control group, VAChT expression significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.05; Figure 1). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
At 2 weeks after EA, VAChT expression significantly increased in the CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Following CCI, VAChT expression significantly decreased in the OVX + CCI group compared with the CCI group (P < 0.05; Figure 1). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In comparison with the OVX + CCI group, VAChT expression significantly increased in the OVX + CCI + EA 2D and OVX + CCI + EA 2W groups (P < 0.05). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, VAChT expression was significantly less in the CCI + EA 2W group than in the OVX + CCI + EA 2W group (P < 0.05), suggesting a weakened effect of repeated EA in upregulating hippocampal VAChT expression in OVX rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The present study observed the effects of repeated electroacupuncture of Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) on expression of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA in chronic constrictive injury (neuropathic pain) and/or ovariotomy rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Results indicated that repeated electroacupuncture has a cumulative analgesic effect, which is closely associated with upregulation of acetylcholinesterase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter activity, as well as M1 receptor mRNA expression and memory. |
