| Evidence Sentence: |
The CCR3 agonist CCL11 was administered 30 min prior to acupuncture. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Furthermore, we found that the effects of TN against CCD-induced menstrual pain, increased ECP expression, and HIS level were abolished by CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To further address whether pain-relief induced by TN was dependent on the activation of the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we injected CCR3 antagonist SB328437 and agonist CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Administration of SB328437 could mimic the effects of TN on uterine activity, and CCL11 blocked the effects of TN on uterine contractions in CCD rats (Figures 7(a)-7(d)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
However, after the application of CCL11 in the TN group, it markedly weakened TN-induced pain relief compared with the Model + Vehicle2 + TN group as manifested by the number of contraction wave, uterine peak-to-peak value, and degree of contraction (P < 0.01, P < 0.05; Figures 7(b)-7(d)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared to the Model + vehicle2 + TN group, the ECP expression and the HIS level were significantly increased in the Model + CCL11 + TN group (P < 0.01; Figures 8(a)-8(c)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eotaxin/CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) axis, a key regulatory pathway for eosinophils (EOS) recruitment, is involved in acupuncture analgesia for dysmenorrhea. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Acupuncture Alleviates Menstrual Pain in Rat Model via Suppressing Eotaxin/CCR3 Axis to Weak EOS-MC Activation |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eotaxin/CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) axis, a key regulatory pathway for eosinophils (EOS) recruitment, is involved in acupuncture analgesia for dysmenorrhea. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The expression of CCR3 and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN alleviated menstrual pain by improving the uterine inflammatory environment via suppressing eotaxin/CCR3 axis to weak EOS-MC activation in CCD rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN Reduced Eotaxin Levels and Attenuated the Expression of CCR3 in the Uterus |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To determine whether TN could modulate eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we applied ELISA to detect the eotaxin level, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to analyze the expression of CCR3. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
This attenuation was accompanied by decreased mRNA and protein expression of CCR3 (P < 0.01; Figures 4(g) and 4(j)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To investigate whether the HIS expression in uterus is associated with the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we applied ELISA to detect the HIS level, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to analyze the expression of its receptor, H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To observe the association between eotaxin/CCR3 axis and HIS, we applied HE or TB, respectively, to analyze the main inflammatory cells, EOS and MC. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN at SP6 can relieve pain by attenuating the expression of eotaxin/CCR3 axis and EOS-MC activation. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To further address whether pain-relief induced by TN was dependent on the activation of the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we injected CCR3 antagonist SB328437 and agonist CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Acupuncture Alleviates Menstrual Pain in Rat Model via Suppressing Eotaxin/CCR3 Axis to Weak EOS-MC Activation |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Recent evidence suggests that eotaxin levels rise when dysmenorrhea happens. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eotaxin/CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) axis, a key regulatory pathway for eosinophils (EOS) recruitment, is involved in acupuncture analgesia for dysmenorrhea. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Eotaxin, histamine (HIS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN alleviated menstrual pain by improving the uterine inflammatory environment via suppressing eotaxin/CCR3 axis to weak EOS-MC activation in CCD rats. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN Reduced Eotaxin Levels and Attenuated the Expression of CCR3 in the Uterus |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To determine whether TN could modulate eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we applied ELISA to detect the eotaxin level, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to analyze the expression of CCR3. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the blank group, the eotaxin levels in uterus and plasma were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.01; Figures 4(a) and 4(b)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To investigate whether the HIS expression in uterus is associated with the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we applied ELISA to detect the HIS level, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to analyze the expression of its receptor, H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To observe the association between eotaxin/CCR3 axis and HIS, we applied HE or TB, respectively, to analyze the main inflammatory cells, EOS and MC. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN at SP6 can relieve pain by attenuating the expression of eotaxin/CCR3 axis and EOS-MC activation. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
After administration of SB328437, compared to the model group, the ECP expression and the HIS level were significantly decreased in the Model + SB328437 group (P < 0.01; Figures 8(a)-8(c)), which indicated that the antagonist of CCR3 could mimic the effects of TN. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The CCR3 agonist CCL11 was administered 30 min prior to acupuncture. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
CCR3 Agonist Blocked TN-Induced Analgesic Effect |
| Evidence Sentence: |
CCR3 Agonist Reversed the Decreased ECP Expression and HIS Level in the Uterus Induced by TN |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To further address whether pain-relief induced by TN was dependent on the activation of the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we injected CCR3 antagonist SB328437 and agonist CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To further address whether pain-relief induced by TN was dependent on the activation of the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we injected CCR3 antagonist SB328437 and agonist CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The expression of EOS, mast cells (MCs), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Toluidine Blue staining (TB), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
HE, TB staining, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the increased expression of EOS, MCs, EPO, and ECP in uterine tissues was reversed by TN. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Furthermore, we found that the effects of TN against CCD-induced menstrual pain, increased ECP expression, and HIS level were abolished by CCL11. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Immunohistochemical staining results showed the positive expression of EPO (Figures 6(a)) and ECP (Figure 6(b)) of all groups in rat uterus. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The IOD values of EPO and ECP in the Model + TN group decreased significantly compared with the model group (P < 0.01; Figures 6(c) and 6(d)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
CCR3 Agonist Reversed the Decreased ECP Expression and HIS Level in the Uterus Induced by TN |
| Evidence Sentence: |
After administration of SB328437, compared to the model group, the ECP expression and the HIS level were significantly decreased in the Model + SB328437 group (P < 0.01; Figures 8(a)-8(c)), which indicated that the antagonist of CCR3 could mimic the effects of TN. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared to the Model + vehicle2 + TN group, the ECP expression and the HIS level were significantly increased in the Model + CCL11 + TN group (P < 0.01; Figures 8(a)-8(c)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Compared with the Model + Vehicle1 + TN group, the ECP expression and the HIS level increased in the Model + Vehicle1 group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05; Figures 8(a)-8(c)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
There was no significant difference in the ECP expression and the HIS level between Model + Vehicle2 + TN and Model + Vehicle1 + TN groups (P > 0.05; Figures 8(a)-8(c)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The expression of EOS, mast cells (MCs), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), Toluidine Blue staining (TB), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
HE, TB staining, and immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the increased expression of EOS, MCs, EPO, and ECP in uterine tissues was reversed by TN. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Immunohistochemical staining results showed the positive expression of EPO (Figures 6(a)) and ECP (Figure 6(b)) of all groups in rat uterus. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The IOD values of EPO and ECP in the Model + TN group decreased significantly compared with the model group (P < 0.01; Figures 6(c) and 6(d)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The expression of CCR3 and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN Decreased Histamine Levels and the Expression of H1R in the Uterus |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To investigate whether the HIS expression in uterus is associated with the eotaxin/CCR3 axis, we applied ELISA to detect the HIS level, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to analyze the expression of its receptor, H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
This attenuation was accompanied by decreased mRNA and protein expression of H1R (P < 0.01, P < 0.05; Figures 4(h) and 4(k)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Eotaxin, histamine (HIS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN Decreased IL-6 Levels in the Uterus and Plasma |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To detect whether TN could modulate IL-6, we applied ELISA to identify IL-6 levels in uterus and plasma. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The IL-6 levels of model group were significantly increased compared with those of blank group in both uterus and plasma (P < 0.01; Figures 4(e) and 4(f)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN at SP6 decreased IL-6 levels in uterus and plasma (P < 0.01, P < 0.05; Figures 4(e) and 4(f)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
Eotaxin, histamine (HIS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated by ELISA. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
In addition, TN decreased the release of eotaxin, HIS, IL-6, and the expression of CCR3 and H1R. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN Decreased IL-6 Levels in the Uterus and Plasma |
| Evidence Sentence: |
To detect whether TN could modulate IL-6, we applied ELISA to identify IL-6 levels in uterus and plasma. |
| Evidence Sentence: |
The IL-6 levels of model group were significantly increased compared with those of blank group in both uterus and plasma (P < 0.01; Figures 4(e) and 4(f)). |
| Evidence Sentence: |
TN at SP6 decreased IL-6 levels in uterus and plasma (P < 0.01, P < 0.05; Figures 4(e) and 4(f)). |
