Description Bilateral LI4 (hegu) and PC6,Bilateral ST36 (zusanli) and SP9 (yinlingquan), Bilateral LR3 (taichong) and SP6 (sanyinjiao)
Experimental Description
Forty-five healthy patients, scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization, were randomized for EA (n = 22) or sham (n = 23) procedures between induction of anaesthesia and start of surgery.
Sample Count
45
Control
Sham
sham(n=23)
Experiment
EA(n=22)
Indicator
MovementDilatation of the pupilsDivergence of the eye axesAuditory evoked potentials(AEPs)Heart rate(HR)Blood pressure(BP)
Auxiliary Medication
Surgery was then carried out under general intubation anaesthesia including propofol, fentanyl, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane according to established local clinical guidelines.
Stimulation Method
EA
Induction Method
Electroacupuncture Instrument Model
Manufacturer
Frequency
Waveform
Strength
Induction Time
CEFAR Acus II
Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden
burst frequency 2 Hz including 80 Hz of frequency pulse-trains
a square pulse pattern with alternating polarity
2 mA
The duration of the acupuncture and sham procedures was 21_x005f±1 and 23±3 min, respectively.
Description An ACUS II stimulator (Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden) was used to generate a square pulse pattern with alternating polarity (duration 180ms, intensity 2 mA, burst frequency 2 Hz including 80Hz of frequency pulse-trains).
Stainless steel EZY-5 (Carbo Trading Co. Inc, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) acupuncture needles (dimension 25G, length 25mm) were inserted intramuscularly to a depth of 5—15mm.
Anesthesia Method
AAA
Clinical Trial Type
random
Contraindications
Exclusion criteria were ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) physical status III or IV, regular use of analgesics, body mass index greater than 35 kg/m_x005f-and language difficultie
Effector
More acupuncture than sham patients were found to respond to skin incision with movement of the neck or limbs (77% vs. 43%;P=0.021), dilatation of the pupils (77% vs. 39%;P=0.001) and divergence of the eye axes (72% vs. 39%;P=0.023), whereas there was no difference in AAI response. Electro-acupuncture facilitates physiological responses to nociceptive stimulation under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Differences in neuromuscular and oculomotor responses between acupuncture and sham patients under general anaesthesia are probably not associated with interaction between EA and the depth of anaesthesia, as AEP activity was similar in the two groups.
Acupuncture facilitates neuromuscular and oculomotor responses to skin incision with no influence on auditory evoked potentials under sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: More sevoflurane was recently found to be required to prevent movement in response to surgical incision in anaesthetized patients subjected to electro-acupuncture (EA) than to sham procedures. The present study was designed to compare differences in movement, dilatation of the pupils, divergence of the eye axes and activity of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) between patients given and those not given EA under standardized sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS: Neuromuscular, oculomotor and AEP responses to skin incision were assessed with and without a bilateral 2-Hz burst EA in patients under steady-state anaesthesia maintained with 1.8% of sevoflurane. Forty-five healthy patients, scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization, were randomized for EA (n = 22) or sham (n = 23) procedures between induction of anaesthesia and start of surgery. Middle latency AEP activity was recorded and interpreted by the A-line ARX (autoregression with exogenous input) index (AAI). RESULTS: More acupuncture than sham patients were found to respond to skin incision with movement of the neck or limbs (77% vs. 43%; P = 0.021), dilatation of the pupils (77% vs. 39%; P = 0.001) and divergence of the eye axes (72% vs. 39%; P = 0.023), whereas there was no difference in AAI response. CONCLUSION: Electro-acupuncture facilitates physiological responses to nociceptive stimulation under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Differences in neuromuscular and oculomotor responses between acupuncture and sham patients under general anaesthesia are probably not associated with interaction between EA and the depth of anaesthesia, as AEP activity was similar in the two groups."
