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Homo sapiens |
This gene encodes a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016] |
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Mus musculus |
This gene encodes a polypeptide hormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing. Processing yields several biologically active peptides, which are involved in diverse cellular functions, such as energy homeostasis, steroidogenesis, and increased melanin production in melanocytes. In mouse deficiency of this gene is associated with obesity, defects in adrenal development, and altered pigmentation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013] |
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Rattus norvegicus |
Predicted to enable hormone activity and melanocortin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including cortisol secretion; positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; and regulation of gene expression. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including calcium-mediated signaling; glucose homeostasis; and regulation of glycogen metabolic process. Located in extracellular region. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in familial Mediterranean fever; obesity; and osteoarthritis. Orthologous to human POMC (proopiomelanocortin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022] |
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Canis lupus familiaris (sub-species: familiaris) |
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Oryctolagus cuniculus |
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