In clinical practice, acupuncture anesthesia presents a multitude of advantages, pivotal among these being Body System Protection. This technique supports the body's natural defenses, reducing the physiological stress often associated with surgical procedures. By modulating the body's response to pain, acupuncture anesthesia allows for a lower Dosage of Medication, significantly reducing the potential for drug-related side effects. Furthermore, this approach plays a crucial role in Emotion Regulation, helping patients maintain a calm and stable emotional state, which is essential for a positive surgical outcome. The impact of acupuncture on the nervous system not only aids in Pain Relief but also promotes Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Patients tend to experience faster recuperation times, attributed to the holistic nature of this method. Additionally, acupuncture anesthesia is associated with a Lower Incidence of Side Effects compared to conventional anesthetics. Its ability to modulate and balance the body's responses makes it an invaluable tool in the realm of modern medicine, offering a safer, more patient-centered approach to pain management and recovery.

           
Modulation
Immunity
Acupuncture anesthesia may enhance the body's immune response, reducing the risk of postoperative infections.
Blood Flow
Acupuncture anesthesia can optimize blood flow to tissues, aiding in wound healing and tissue recovery.
Endocrinology
Acupuncture anesthesia can influence endocrine function, helping maintain hormonal balance during surgery.
Circulation
Acupuncture anesthesia supports overall circulatory health, ensuring adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues.
Microcirculation
Acupuncture anesthesia positively affects microcirculation, benefiting tissue perfusion and healing.
Blood Pressure
Acupuncture anesthesia can help stabilize blood pressure, reducing perioperative hypertension risks.
Heart Rate
Acupuncture anesthesia can regulate heart rate, promoting cardiovascular stability during surgery.
Hemodynamics
Acupuncture anesthesia optimizes hemodynamic parameters, contributing to surgical safety.
Bleeding
Acupuncture anesthesia may reduce intraoperative bleeding, enhancing surgical outcomes.
Skin Temperature
Acupuncture anesthesia can help maintain stable skin temperature during surgery, preventing hypothermia.

Acupuncture anesthesia for Modulation-Blood Flow


PMID Evidence Source Keyword Type
12477502 Besides its central effect, the sympathoinhibitory effects of acupuncture may impact on uterine blood flow. Fertil Steril. 2002 Dec;78(6):1149-53. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04348-0. Blood Flow Review
16799260 Acupuncture and moxibustion are also known to affect neurons in the brain reward systems and blood flow in skin, muscle, and nerve. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006;100(5):443-59. doi: 10.1254/jphs.crj06004x. Blood Flow Review
17206917 With these new methods and concepts, reproducible effects of needle and laserneedle acupuncture stimulation in cerebral blood flow velocity can be objectified for the first time. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2006;34(4):295-326. doi: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v34.i4.20. Blood Flow Review
17264833 The present paper briefly discusses clinical and experimental data on the effect of acupuncture on uterine and ovarian blood flow, as an analgesic method during ART, and on endocrine and metabolic disturbances such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acupunct Med. 2006 Dec;24(4):157-63. doi: 10.1136/aim.24.4.157. Endocrinology Blood Flow Review
17515023 The reviewed literature suggests 4 possible mechanisms by which acupuncture could improve the outcome of IVF: modulating neuroendocrinological factors; increasing blood flow to the uterus and ovaries; modulating cytokines; and reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007 May-Jun;13(3):38-48. Anxiety Depression Blood Flow Review
18440533 RESULT(S): The positive effect of acupuncture in the treatment of subfertility may be related to the central sympathetic inhibition by the endorphin system, the change in uterine blood flow and motility, and stress reduction. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jul;90(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.094. Epub 2008 Apr 28. Blood Flow Review
20230329 Acupuncture therapy may have a role in PCOS by: increasing of blood flow to the ovaries, reducing of ovarian volume and the number of ovarian cysts, controlling hyperglycaemia through increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing blood glucose and insulin levels, reducing cortisol levels and assisting in weight loss and anorexia. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2010 Jun;26(6):473-8. doi: 10.3109/09513591003686304. Blood Flow Review
20359125 There is some evidence that acupuncture may induce pain relief by changing the regional blood flow through somatosympathetic reflex (SSR). Chin J Physiol. 2009 Nov 30;52(5 Suppl):345-57. doi: 10.4077/cjp.2009.amk043. Pain Relief Blood Flow Review
21611904 Firstly, acupuncture may improve ovulation by modulating the central and peripheral nervous systems, the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems, the ovarian blood flow, and metabolism. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 May;17(5):386-95. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0611-8. Epub 2011 May 25. Endocrinology Blood Flow Review
21611904 Secondly, acupuncture can improve the outcome of IVF-ET, and the mechanisms may be related to the increased uterine blood flow, inhibited uterine motility, and the anesis of depression, anxiety and stress. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 May;17(5):386-95. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0611-8. Epub 2011 May 25. Anxiety Depression Blood Flow Review
21717784 The effects of acupuncture intervention mainly involve (1) lessening inflammatory reactions, (2) reducing impairment of free radicals and excitatory amino acids on cerebral neurons, (3) balancing release of vascular bioactive substances to increase regional cerebral blood flow, and (4) promoting repair and regeneration of the neural tissue, etc. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2011 Apr;36(2):145-9. Blood Flow Review
22309901 Future studies are required in fasted diabetic rats to determine the effect of electroacupuncture on blood levels of insulin, lipids, fatty acids and beta-endorphin, and blood flow and nerve conduction velocity. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2012 Feb;5(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2011.11.018. Epub 2012 Jan 2. Blood Flow Review
22379794 The authors of the present paper make a review about its research progress in recent ten years from (1) effect of acupuncture on VIP functional activities of the gastrointestinal tract; (2) involvement of VIP in electroacupuncture (EA) induced improvement of gastric mucosal and cerebral blood flow (3) effect of EA on functions of VIP being as a neurotransmitter; (4) effect of EA on VIP-involved immune regulation function. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2011 Dec;36(6):453-6. Immunity Gastrointestinal Tract Blood Flow Review
22934398 The underlying mechanism of this therapy may be explained by acupuncture intervention induced favorable changes of neurochemistry, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral functional activities. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2012 Jun;37(3):242-6. Blood Flow Review
25151449 In anesthetized rats, manual acupuncture-like stimulation of the cheek, forepaw, upper arm, and hindpaw increases the cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF). J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2014 Aug;7(4):173-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Jun 23. Blood Flow Review
27535246 These results suggested that the change in blood circulation of the tendon during acupuncture with up-and-down manipulation was caused by axon reflex, and increase in blood flow in the tendons after the needle removal might be caused through the central nervous system. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;920:27-33. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_3. Circulation Blood Flow Review
28527041 Clinical studies indicated that acupuncture activated relevant brain regions, modulated cerebral blood flow and related molecules in stroke patients. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;12(4):575-592. doi: 10.1007/s11481-017-9747-4. Epub 2017 May 19. Blood Flow Review
28527041 Evidence from laboratory indicated that acupuncture regulates cerebral blood flow and metabolism after the interrupt of blood supply. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;12(4):575-592. doi: 10.1007/s11481-017-9747-4. Epub 2017 May 19. Blood Flow Review
29231537 It is found that acupuncture could improve immune function, adjust central neural pathways, regulate gastroi-ntestinal hormone, increase stomach blood flow, regulate cytokines, increase gastric dynamics, control the gastric acid secretion, improve inflammatory response and regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, which could strengthen gastric mucosa barrier. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2016 Oct 12;36(10):1117-1120. doi: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2016.10.035. Immunity Blood Flow Review
30157368 Studies show that acupuncture can significantly elevate the level of serum testosterone (T), reduce the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2), initiate spermatogenesis, enhance testicular blood flow, maintain a relative low temperature in the testis, increase the concentration, motility and antioxidative injury capability of spermatozoa by raising the levels of seminal alpha-glucosidase, fructose and super oxide dismutase, and eventually improve semen quality and the rate of conception in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2018 Janurary;24(1):86-90. Hypothermia Blood Flow Review
30157368 The present paper summarizes the literature from domestic and international databases about acupuncture treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia, and offers an overview of the effects of acupuncture on the reproductive endocrine system, testicular blood flow, semen quality, and rate of conception in the treatment of the patient. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2018 Janurary;24(1):86-90. Endocrinology Blood Flow Review
32356637 The mechanism of action of acupuncture for stroke includes the following components: 1) stimulation of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the CNS; 2) regulation of cerebral blood flow; 3) antiapoptosis; 4) regulation of neurotransmitters; 5) improvement of the neuronal synaptic function, stimulation of long-term potentiation; 6) stimulation of neuroplasticity; and 7) decrease in blood-brain barrier permeability. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2020;97(2):68-77. doi: 10.17116/kurort20209702168. Blood Flow Review
35486016 In recent years, experimental studies have shown that the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of IS mainly involves the promotion of nerve repair and regeneration, the regulation of the activity of neurotransmitters, the improvement of cerebral blood flow, the alleviation of brain edema, the reduction of oxidative stress, the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy, and the suppression of inflammatory responses. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2022 Apr 25;47(4):354-61. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20210426. Blood Flow Review
16824230 In addition, studies have shown that acupuncture may alter brain chemistry by changing the release of neurotransmitters and neurohormones and, thus, affecting the parts of the central nervous system related to sensation and involuntary body functions, such as immune reactions and processes that regulate a person's blood pressure, blood flow, and body temperature"". BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Jul 7;6:25. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-25. Immunity Blood Pressure Blood Flow Review
16824230 However, there were positive findings in 17 of 18 studies (94%) whose outcome of interest measured specific physiologic changes (brain blood flow using fMRI imaging, muscle blood flow, morphologic changes in sperm structure, association of acupuncture response to genotype, effect on leukocyte circulation, heart rate or heart rate variability, blood pressure, sweat rate, tissue impedance, sensations of skin piercing, post-menopausal vasomotor symptoms or ultrasound imaging of tissue morphology.) BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Jul 7;6:25. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-25. Heart Rate Blood Pressure Circulation Blood Flow Review
23055010 In moxibustion, sticks of moxa can be applied directly on the skin or with acupuncture needles along meridian points, and are burnt to warm the area and stimulate blood flow and qi. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012 Dec;14(6):589-97. doi: 10.1007/s11926-012-0295-x. Blood Flow Review
23728665 Indeed, in a trial comparing muscle blood flow in fibromyalgia participants with that of healthy controls, the researchers found that in healthy controls only deep needle insertion into an acupuncture point increased blood flow, but in fibromyalgia participants both shallow and deep insertion were equally effective. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD007070. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007070.pub2. Blood Flow Review
24222911 The result showed that combination acupuncture and levodopa increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the frontal lobe, the basal ganglion, the occipital lobe, and the cerebellum in the most affected hemisphere as compared with baseline, whereas there were no changes in basal ganglia dopamine transporter (DAT) levels. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:608430. doi: 10.1155/2013/608430. Epub 2013 Oct 7. Blood Flow Review
24566146 suggested that acupuncture stimulation is responsible for the protection of neurons by accelerating cerebral blood flow and also increasing plasma osmolality and extracellular glutamate in diabetic rats under ischemic conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Feb 21;15(2):3234-52. doi: 10.3390/ijms15023234. Blood Flow Review
24716180 The studies included for review vary in size, comparisons, experiment protocols (type of acupuncture treatment, treatment schedule, stimulation paradigm), but their common thread is the use of TCD to measure arterial blood flow in the brains of migraineurs in the interictal phase [Table 3. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Oct;3(4):213-20. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.119720. Blood Flow Review
24716180 Wallasch also observed no significant changes in baseline blood flow variability (vasotonus) for patients at rest and, thus, concluded that acupuncture does not impact static cerebral autoregulation. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Oct;3(4):213-20. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.119720. Blood Flow Review
24716180 The effects of acupuncture on blood flow patterns in the other cerebral arteries of migraine patients facing stimulation, such as flashing light, are unknown at such detail. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013 Oct;3(4):213-20. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.119720. Blood Flow Review
26557088 The results demonstrated that intervention with acupuncture can increase limb blood flow, promote nerve repair, inhibit peripheral nerves degradation and induce a normalization of histological morphology. Front Pharmacol. 2015 Oct 23;6:234. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00234. eCollection 2015. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Changes of Local Blood Flow in Response to Acupuncture Stimulation: A Systematic Review Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Of the seven studies in healthy subjects, four reported significant increases in blood flow following acupuncture compared with control, whereas one other study observed reductions in microcirculation immediately after acupuncture needling. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
27403201 The current evidence regarding the local effects of acupuncture in terms of blood flow remains insufficient for reliable conclusions due to few well-designed studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 However, the current evidence detailing the relationship between changes in blood flow and therapeutic effects remains insufficient, and the physiological understanding of blood perfusion following acupuncture treatment remains incomplete. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Thus, the primary aims of the present review were to summarize and evaluate the effects of acupuncture on local microcirculation and to compare the blood flow changes induced by acupuncture among five types of typical control groups: no-acupuncture, nonpenetrating acupuncture at same acupoint, superficial acupuncture, acupuncture needling at a nonacupoint, and insertion-only without manipulation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
27403201 The present review conducted a literature search of the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) databases for studies investigating acupuncture-induced changes in local blood flow that were published up to January 30, 2015. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 The details of the inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) the study participants were healthy subjects or patients, (2) the study employed manual needle acupuncture at acupoint(s) and compared the results with a sham control group (nonpenetrating acupuncture, superficial acupuncture, or nonacupoint insertion), insertion-only without manipulation or a subject who did not receive acupuncture, and (3) the outcome included any microcirculatory response to acupuncture including volume, velocity, blood flow, blood flow resistance, and blood vessel diameter around the stimulus sites. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Studies were excluded from the present analysis if (1) the intervention included acupuncture-related techniques without skin penetration or did not employ manual acupuncture (electroacupuncture, laser acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupressure, or moxibustion) and/or (2) the outcome measures did not focus on changes in local blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 All eight studies selected for the present review observed acupuncture-induced changes in blood flow in the skin (Table 2), whereas three studies observed changes in blood flow in the muscle (Table 3). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Of the seven studies that assessed healthy subjects, four reported significant increases in blood flow compared with the no-acupuncture, nonpenetrating acupuncture, superficial acupuncture, and insertion-only control groups. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Compared with the nonacupoint control groups, acupuncture treatment did not induce statistically significant differences in blood flow in two studies, whereas reductions in blood flow immediately after acupuncture needling were observed in one other study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Sandberg's group published three consecutive papers comparing blood flow changes in the skin and muscles of healthy subjects with those of patients with either fibromyalgia or trapezius myalgia after acupuncture stimulation at ST36 or GB21. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Deep acupuncture at ST36 on the tibial muscle induced greater change in skin and muscle blood flow than superficial acupuncture (subcutaneously inserted needle) in both healthy subjects and fibromyalgia patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 However, the degree of increased blood flow induced by superficial acupuncture was much higher in the fibromyalgia patients than in the healthy subjects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 As in their previous study using ST36, deep acupuncture in healthy subjects induced greater changes in skin and muscle blood flow than superficial acupuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 However, superficial acupuncture was as effective as or more effective than deep muscle stimulation in inducing an increase in blood flow in the skin and muscles of the fibromyalgia patients whereas the reverse was the case in healthy subjects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Furthermore, the increased blood flow in the muscle induced by superficial acupuncture in fibromyalgia patients lasted for 60 minutes, which was longer than the duration in healthy subjects (40 minutes). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 In contrast, the trapezius myalgia patients exhibited a different pattern of altered blood flow compared with the healthy subjects and fibromyalgia patients; specifically, trapezius myalgia patients reacted to both deep and superficial acupuncture with similar changes in skin and muscle blood flow and smaller degrees of change and the duration of their changes was shorter. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 found that the plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) obtained from the acupunctured arm of subjects exhibited a significant increase at 5 minutes and 60 minutes after acupuncture and that there was a correlation between increased palmer blood flow and NO concentration. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Of the seven studies that assessed healthy subjects, four reported significant increases in blood flow compared with the no-acupuncture, nonpenetrating acupuncture, superficial acupuncture, or insertion-only control groups. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 One study observed a reduction in blood flow immediately after acupuncture needling, which is indicative of transient sympathetic activation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 In the two studies of patients with fibromyalgia or trapezius myalgia, there were significant increases in blood flow in the skin and muscle, but the sensitivity of microcirculation to the acupuncture needling varied depending on the characteristics of disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
27403201 According to Sandberg et al., deep acupuncture stimulation to the painful muscle in trapezius myalgia and fibromyalgia patients caused a smaller increase in muscle blood flow than it did in healthy subjects who had no pain at the acupuncture sites. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Overall, these findings indicate that the measurement of blood flow in the skin and muscle in response to acupuncture stimulation may be an additional surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials of pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Transient Reduction in Blood Flow following Acupuncture due to Initial Increases in Sympathetic Activity Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 also found that acupuncture increased sympathetic activity and transiently reduced blood flow in the skin, but these parameters subsequently returned to baseline levels. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 In terms of physiological changes, several studies in the present review found that both deep and superficial needling generated significantly greater blood flow increases compared with those found in the no-acupuncture groups. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 One of these studies reported that superficial acupuncture in the lower limb (ST36) resulted in greater increases in blood flow in the anterior tibial muscle and skin of fibromyalgia patients than in healthy subjects, but no differences were found when deep acupuncture was used. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Another study performed acupuncture treatment at GB21 and found that superficial acupuncture induced greater elevations of blood flow in the trapezius muscle and skin compared with deep acupuncture in fibromyalgia and trapezius myalgia patients but not in healthy subjects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 One study indicated that NO-dependent mechanisms are involved in this process based on the correlation between increased blood flow and increased levels of NO in the acupuncture group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 The present review determined that acupuncture induces transient reductions in blood flow due to sympathetic activation that are followed by subsequent increases in local blood flow in the skin and/or muscle. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 Other factors to consider include the dose of acupuncture, because it may act as a confounding variable when comparing studies investigating changes in skin blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
27403201 The current evidence regarding the local effects of acupuncture on blood flow remains too limited to draw firm conclusions due to the small number of well-designed studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9874207. doi: 10.1155/2016/9874207. Epub 2016 Jun 14. Blood Flow Review
28659989 Results showed that acupuncture was more effective than conventional medicine therapy (CMT) in effectiveness, improvement rate of vertigo and headache, and increased average blood flow velocity of vertebral-basilar artery. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7597363. doi: 10.1155/2017/7597363. Epub 2017 May 9. Blood Flow Review
28659989 It was reported that acupuncture has positive effect in releasing cervical surrounding tissue, regulating the flow of Qi and blood, nourishing the brain in order to improve cerebral blood supply; for example, Fengchi (GB 20), Baihui (GV 20), and Lieque (LU 7) were thought to accelerate velocity of blood flow and improve blood supply to the vertebral arteries. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7597363. doi: 10.1155/2017/7597363. Epub 2017 May 9. Blood Flow Review
28659989 The collection of information included the author(s), publication year, study design, sample size, patients' characteristics, diagnostic criteria, acupuncture treatment process, details of the control, outcome measures (effectiveness, improvement rate of clinical symptoms, and change for average blood flow velocity of vertebral-basilar artery), withdrawal, and adverse events. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7597363. doi: 10.1155/2017/7597363. Epub 2017 May 9. Blood Flow Review
28659989 This systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that acupuncture was more effective than CMT in effectiveness, improvement rate of vertigo and headache, and improvement for average blood flow velocity of vertebral-basilar artery. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7597363. doi: 10.1155/2017/7597363. Epub 2017 May 9. Blood Flow Review
28659989 This systematic review and meta-analysis based on current evidence suggested that acupuncture may be more effective in effectiveness and improvement of clinical symptom and average blood flow velocity of vertebral-basilar artery compared with conventional medicine therapy for CV. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7597363. doi: 10.1155/2017/7597363. Epub 2017 May 9. Blood Flow Review
28933377 This is the first time that spectral analysis was used to investigate the microcirculatory blood flow responses induced by acupuncture stimulation, and revealed possible differences in sympathetic nerve activities between needling the Hegu acupoint and its nearby non-acupoint. Medicines (Basel). 2014 Nov 20;1(1):56-63. doi: 10.3390/medicines1010056. Blood Flow Review
28933377 These results indicate that there are many factors which can affect the blood flow, and the changes of blood flow induced by acupuncture stimulation can be specific. Medicines (Basel). 2014 Nov 20;1(1):56-63. doi: 10.3390/medicines1010056. Blood Flow Review
29063107 Acupuncture did not improve supply (i.e., coronary blood flow) but lessened demand since it blunted the reflex elevation in blood pressure. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2017 Oct 25;69(5):587-597. Blood Pressure Blood Flow Review
29080196 There is growing evidence from international groups showing that acupuncture induces NO-mediated vasodilatation, which increases local blood flow and allows for a flush of algesic or sensitizing substances, leading to pain relief. Chin J Integr Med. 2017 Nov;23(11):812-815. doi: 10.1007/s11655-017-2789-x. Epub 2017 Oct 28. Pain Relief Blood Flow Review
29143805 The evidence in this review indicates that five major different mechanisms are involved in the beneficial effects of acupuncture/EA on ischemic stroke rehabilitation: (1) Promotion of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the central nervous system (CNS); (2) Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ischemic area; (3) Anti-apoptosis in the ischemic area; (4) Regulation of neurochemicals; and, (5) Improvement of impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory after stroke. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 28;18(11):2270. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112270. Blood Flow Review
29143805 In our review, acupuncture was associated with two different subcategories of action that involve the regulation of the cerebral blood flow. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 28;18(11):2270. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112270. Blood Flow Review
29143805 In this review, acupuncture showed a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke rehabilitation in animal studies, through five different major mechanisms (Scheme 1): (1) promotion of cell proliferation in the CNS, limited to neurogenic areas and some ischemic tissues; (2) regulation of cerebral blood flow via angiogenesis and modulation of vasoactive mediators; (3) anti-apoptosis via direct intervention in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways or related pathways; (4) regulation of neurochemicals involved in crucial steps in the ischemic cascade as neurotransmitters, antioxidants, inflammatory-related substances, neurotrophic factors, and metabolic substrates; and finally, (5) by potentiation and recovery of hippocampal memory and learning processes. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 28;18(11):2270. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112270. Blood Flow Review
29722298 Electroacupuncture pretreatment or treatment after ischemic stroke by using appropriate electroacupuncture parameters generates neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects that increase cerebral blood flow, regulate oxidative stress, attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity, maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, inhibit apoptosis, increase growth factor production, and induce cerebral ischemic tolerance. Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow Review
29722298 Acupuncture, one of the most important components of traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to activate relevant brain regions, modulate cerebral blood flow (CBF), and regulate multiple molecules and signaling pathways that lead to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal death, and survival after interruption of blood supply. Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow Review
29722298 In addition, Acupuncture stimulation apply to forepaw in rat can increase the release of acetylcholine in cerebral cortex and increase cortical cerebral blood flow. Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. Blood Flow Review
30424749 The included studies investigated several signaling pathways to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of improving cognitive function via acupuncture, including modulating the production and degradation of free radicals to reduce brain damage, exerting anti-apoptotic effects by up-regulating B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and counter-regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) to protect neurons, enhancing glucose metabolism in the brain, reducing tumor protein P53 and Noxa expression to protect pyramidal cells from apoptosis, increasing cerebral blood flow for increased glucose and oxygen supply to neurons, exerting neuroprotective effects via an antioxidative pathway mediated by nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and increasing complex enzymes to protect neurons from oxidative stress. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Nov 13;18(1):302. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2345-z. Neuroprotection Cognitive Function Blood Flow Review
30984420 Studies have reported that acupuncture can improve cerebral blood flow and increase microvascular openings in the hippocampus CA1 area by increasing the proportion of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting apoptosis, in order to lower BP and prevent target organ damage. Int J Hypertens. 2019 Mar 7;2019:8676490. doi: 10.1155/2019/8676490. eCollection 2019. Microcirculation Blood Pressure Blood Flow Review
31118954 The efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) was demonstrated by enhancing blood flow and protecting nerve injury as summarized in Table 1. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Apr 16;2019:3051472. doi: 10.1155/2019/3051472. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Review
31379957 Acupuncture has shown beneficial effects on ischemic stroke rehabilitation by exerting the antiapoptosis effect on the ischemic area, promoting neurogenesis and cell proliferation, and regulating cerebral blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 11;2019:2909632. doi: 10.1155/2019/2909632. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Review
32148660 In a group of anesthetized healthy human subjects, acupuncture was reported to decrease the blood flow to the right medial frontal gyrus and to the left putamen, which are responsible for pain processing and nausea. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Feb 13;2020:9641904. doi: 10.1155/2020/9641904. eCollection 2020. Nausea and Vomiting Blood Flow Review
32630156 Both manual acupuncture and EA can increase cerebral blood flow. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 30;21(13):4693. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134693. Blood Flow Review
32714268 The improvement of intracranial blood flow velocity by acupuncture is better than that by medication, but the heterogeneity makes the result unreliable. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Review
32714268 We, therefore, employed a meta-analysis to analyze the influence of treatment (acupuncture or medication) on intracranial blood flow changes as measured by TCD (Figure 4). Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Review
32714268 Our meta-analysis showed that acupuncture-mediated improvements in intracranial blood flow velocity were superior to those mediated by medication (ACA, MD = −6.53, 95% CI [-10.59,−2.47], P = 0.002; MCA, MD = −9.70, 95% CI [-16.70, −2.71], P = 0.007; PCA, MD = −3.02, 95% CI [-6.01, −0.04], P = 0.05). Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Review
32714268 Taking the medication group as the control in the five studies included in the TCD meta-analysis, the results showed that acupuncture treatment was associated with better effects with regard to intracranial hemodynamics; ACA, MCA, and PCA blood flow velocity decreased faster after acupuncture than after drug therapy. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Hemodynamics Blood Flow Review
32714268 Although the specific mechanism of the effect of acupuncture on intracranial hemodynamics is not clear, the existing clinical research shows that acupuncture can stimulate brain related functional areas, so as to improve the blood flow after brain injury. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Hemodynamics Blood Flow Review
32714268 The TCD results of this study seem to further support the improvement of intracranial blood flow by acupuncture. Front Neurol. 2020 Jun 30;11:596. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00596. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Review
33408601 found that acupuncture rescued cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice by inhibiting the astrocytic phospholipase A2-arachidonic acid pathway, which resulted in increased blood flow in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus. Front Neurosci. 2020 Dec 21;14:549772. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.549772. eCollection 2020. Cognitive Function Blood Flow Review
33408896 Treatments including acupuncture moxibustion therapy, herbal medicine therapy, traction therapy, physical therapy, and pharmacopuncture therapy, focus on ways to relieving pain by improving blood flow, relaxing muscles, and smoothening joints. J Pharmacopuncture. 2020 Dec 31;23(4):201-211. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2020.23.4.201. Blood Flow Review
33505460 In addition to directly attenuating the deposition, neuroinflammatory response, and neurotoxicity of Aβ and increasing cerebral blood flow, acupuncture also could improve cognitive abilities through regulation of neuroplasticity (Figure 3). Neural Plast. 2021 Jan 12;2021:8868447. doi: 10.1155/2021/8868447. eCollection 2021. Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow Review
33936242 studied the effect of Yikun Tiaojing decoction combined with warm acupuncture on POF and its influence on ovarian blood flow state. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Apr 15;2021:6677767. doi: 10.1155/2021/6677767. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Review
34087835 Acupuncture at corresponding acupoints can improve cerebral blood flow or promote the absorption of intracerebral hematoma, repair noradrenergic neurons and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons, awaken brain nerve cells and gradually restore their functions, and also promote the release of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jun 4;100(22):e25950. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025950. Blood Flow Review
34122180 reported that deep or shallow acupuncture at acupoints caused decline in the ratio of blood-flow perfusion, while this phenomenon was not found in acupuncture at non-acupoints or in placebo-acupuncture (non-invasive) intervention, suggesting that deep or shallow needling on acupoints can trigger the desired physiological effects. Front Psychiatry. 2021 May 28;12:666988. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.666988. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Review
34489662 indicated that the intensity of deqi resulted in a pronounced increase in both skin and muscle blood flows using photoplethysmography, demonstrating that the depth of acupuncture also is an important factor for deqi. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Aug 20;15:694919. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.694919. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Review
35055089 The therapeutic intervention pathways seem to be similar to those asserted for acupuncture: increase cerebral blood flow, regulate oxidative stress, attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity, suppress Ca2+ overload in the infarct region of the brain, causing neuroinflammatory reactions, maintain BBB integrity, inhibit apoptosis, increase growth factor production, and induce cerebral ischemic tolerance. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):907. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020907. Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow Review
35140516 Furthermore, acupuncture can increase the local blood flow of skin and muscles to relieve the pain of patients with FM. J Pain Res. 2022 Feb 3;15:315-329. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S351320. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35145373 Acupuncture stimulated the qi flow along an involved channel and normalized the qi imbalance to harmonize or balance the energy and blood flow through the body, which brought the organ back to normality. Front Neurosci. 2022 Jan 25;15:781215. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.781215. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Review
35233354 Laboratory studies also demonstrated that acupuncture regulates cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Tzu Chi Med J. 2021 Apr 19;34(1):35-43. doi: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_275_20. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. Blood Flow Review
35241146 Acupuncture may increase the survival rate, migration and homing ability of the implated cells and maintain cell functions by increasing the cerebral blood flow, modulating the blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and attenuating the excitotoxicity and inflammatory responses. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow Review
35241146 Acupuncture can maintain normal stem cell functions and stimulate their participation in neural regeneration by increasing cerebral blood flow and regulating chemokines and various cell signal transduction pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. Blood Flow Review
35241146 Both animal and clinical studies have proved that acupuncture can increase the cerebral blood flow and cerebral microcirculation by regulating the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, which result in a more conducive microenvironment for the survival of transplanted stem cells and the regeneration of NVUs at the infarct site. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
35360658 showed that different acupuncture stimulus techniques had different effects on blood flow perfusion at acupoints in normal adults, and in another clinical trial MA stimulation at different acupoints caused different depressor and bradycardic responses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 22;2022:8362892. doi: 10.1155/2022/8362892. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35449821 For instance, it has been assumed that acupuncture can treat ischemic stroke through neurogenesis; it influenced the cerebral blood flow in stroke patients, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous and ipsilateral hippocampal stem cells, reduced the expression of excitatory amino acids, and attenuated the cerebrovascular inflammatory response in poststroke treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Apr 11;2022:7705256. doi: 10.1155/2022/7705256. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35462893 In animal experiments, acupuncture can also improve the blood flow within the brain after hemorrhage or ischemia. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 7;13:875103. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875103. eCollection 2022. Bleeding Blood Flow Review
35462893 In addition, a study using the intervertebral disc extrusion model revealed that electroacupuncture improves microcirculation characterized by high blood flow, micro-vessel density, and reduced vacuolation within the white matter. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 7;13:875103. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875103. eCollection 2022. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
35570887 Secondly, electro-acupuncture can circulate the blood flow of the uterus, reduce the resistance of uterine arteries, and increase ovarian blood flow through the ovarian sympathetic nerves. Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 28;10:858587. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858587. eCollection 2022. Circulation Blood Flow Review
35586692 confirmed in their studies that the efficacy of acupuncture is closely related to blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism in certain regions of the brain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 May 9;2022:4807271. doi: 10.1155/2022/4807271. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35737304 Acupuncture has been shown to alter blood flow and autonomic activity that regulates visceral pain and function. Vet Sci. 2022 May 26;9(6):252. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9060252. Visceral Pain Blood Flow Review
35800002 Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Modulation and Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture for Posterior Circulation Infarction Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Circulation Blood Flow Review
35800002 This study aims to assess the cerebral blood flow velocity modulation and clinical efficacy of acupuncture for PCIV patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 This study shows that acupuncture therapy is useful in improving the blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar arteries and Clinical Effective Rate in patients with posterior circulation infarction vertigo. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Circulation Blood Flow Review
35800002 Clinical studies have proved the superior effects of acupuncture on ameliorating vertigo severity and improving the vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity in PCIV patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Meanwhile, the cerebral blood flow modulation effect of acupuncture needs a quantitative assessment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the cerebral blood flow modulation effect and clinical efficacy of acupuncture for PCIV patients through meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Types of study are as follows: randomized controlled trials that explored the cerebral blood flow velocity modulation effects and clinical efficacy of acupuncture for PCIV were included. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 As far as we know, this article first reported the systematic review of the clinical efficacy and blood flow velocity change for acupuncture interventions on PCIV. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 examined the efficacy of acupuncture therapy for cervical vertigo, analyzing 10 RCTs with an effectiveness rate and 3 RCTs with blood flow velocity differences between acupuncture treatment and medicine treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 The results showed that acupuncture might be more effective in relieving clinical symptoms and improving mean blood flow velocity, but they did not give a firm conclusion due to the low methodological quality. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 In this review, a meta-analysis was conducted on acupuncture therapy for PCIV in vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity and Clinical Effectiveness Rate. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 According to the meta-analysis results, acupuncture therapy showed superior effects on cerebral blood flow modulation and clinical syndrome reduction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Acupuncture showed beneficial effects in improving hemodynamic indices of cerebral vessels, especially in enhancing the blood flow quantity of the vertebral artery. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Animal study has proved that acupuncture enhanced the blood flow volume of the vestibular nuclei area in PCIV rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 Apart from cerebral blood flow modulation, the therapeutic mechanism behind acupuncture treatment is associated with multiple factors via complex metabolism pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 In this study, the meta-analysis results of the blood flow velocity changes confirmed the effect pathway of acupuncture on modulating cerebral blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35800002 This study suggests that acupuncture therapy improves the blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar arteries and Clinical Effective Rate in patients with posterior circulation infarction vertigo. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Circulation Blood Flow Review
35800002 Subgroup analysis reveals that longer acupuncture intervention course and higher stimulation are more effective in improving vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
35884060 Research has shown that acupuncture can increase local concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite end products and reliable indicators of nitrous oxide metabolism and formation at acupuncture points resulting in local vasodilation and improvements in blood flow. Children (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;9(7):1076. doi: 10.3390/children9071076. Blood Flow Review
35983251 Acupuncture can obviously protect against cerebral ischemic injury, improve cerebral blood flow, promote the establishment of collateral circulation in cerebral necrotic area, activate nerve cell and nerve fiber regeneration, enhance brain cell ischemia and hypoxia, and finally affect the smooth flow of memory loop. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 9;2022:8663356. doi: 10.1155/2022/8663356. eCollection 2022. Circulation Blood Flow Review
36211826 Acupuncture can upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and CD34+, thereby promoting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, increasing local cerebral blood flow, activating multiple signaling pathways, and mediating vascular and nerve regeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 28;2022:6080282. doi: 10.1155/2022/6080282. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36211826 Acupuncture can upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and CD34+, thereby promoting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, increasing local cerebral blood flow, activating multiple signaling pathways, and mediating vascular and nerve regeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 28;2022:6080282. doi: 10.1155/2022/6080282. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36212046 Acupuncture of LR3 and K13 specifically regulates blood flow and activates brain regions associated with emotion, decision making, semantic processing, memory, attention, and sensation. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Sep 23;14:914049. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.914049. eCollection 2022. Mood Blood Flow Review
36312004 After auricular acupuncture treatment in type 2 DM patients, the blood flow of the lower extremities is improved, and the temperature of the soles of the feet increases, showing a preventive effect against DF. World J Diabetes. 2022 Oct 15;13(10):851-860. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.851. Blood Flow Review
36312004 External application, moxibustion, fumigation, acupuncture, massage, and foot bath can increase blood flow in the lower extremities and promote neovascularization in the local wound for ischemic grade 0-1 DF. World J Diabetes. 2022 Oct 15;13(10):851-860. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.851. Blood Flow Review
36316824 Focal acupuncture on BL18, BL20, and BL22 can reduce inflammation of the intertransverse ligament or tension of the spinal muscles, thereby improving pathological conditions of the sympathetic nervous system that strongly innervates the GI tract and affects motility, secretion, blood flow, and immune cells. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Oct 28;101(43):e29878. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029878. Immunity Gastrointestinal Tract Blood Flow Review
36388196 Of note, increasing studies have indicated that acupuncture seems to be a helpful treatment for cerebral blood flow (CBF) enhancement following an ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1030747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030747. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36388196 Acupuncture elevated mean blood flow velocity and maximum peak flow speed, and lowered the vascular resistance index in patients with ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1030747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030747. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36388196 These findings suggest that acupuncture can be effective in enhancing cerebral hemodynamics by regulating blood flow velocity, vascular resistance index, blood viscosity during ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1030747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030747. eCollection 2022. Hemodynamics Blood Flow Review
36388196 Furthermore, acupuncture effectively dilated the diameter of microvessels and augmented the blood flow of the leptomeningeal microcirculation (Table 4). Front Neurol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1030747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030747. eCollection 2022. Microcirculation Blood Flow Review
36388196 Fourthly, to date, most clinical studies focus on the ameliorating effect of acupuncture on neurological dysfunction in ischemic stroke, and only a few trials pay attention to the regulating effect of acupuncture on cerebral blood flow. Front Neurol. 2022 Oct 28;13:1030747. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1030747. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36530891 Infrared rays can provide local warmth around acupoints and can have a similar effect to acupuncture; such rays may improve skin blood flow and the functioning of the cutaneous nervous system. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Dec 1;9:1036072. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036072. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Review
36845424 Studies suggested that massage and acupuncture dilate blood vessels and increase blood flow and oxygen supply by stimulating acupoints in children with CP, which may improve the function and metabolism of brain cells and muscles. Front Neurosci. 2023 Feb 8;17:1097477. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097477. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
36852393 Available studies have indicated that acupuncture treats PD by regulating endocrine and analgesic substances, modulating immune-inflammatory responses, improving uterine blood flow, and reducing oxidative stress. Pain Res Manag. 2023 Feb 18;2023:8307249. doi: 10.1155/2023/8307249. eCollection 2023. Immunity Endocrinology Blood Flow Review
36852393 Furthermore, from the perspective of analgesic mechanisms, verum and sham acupuncture modulate the perception of injurious input in PD patients by reducing cerebral blood flow through different brain response patterns. Pain Res Manag. 2023 Feb 18;2023:8307249. doi: 10.1155/2023/8307249. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
36852393 VA: verum acupuncture; SA: sham acupuncture; CBF: cerebral blood flow; ALFF: amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; FC: functional connectivity; ReHo: regional homogeneity; ICA: independent components analysis; PET-CT: positron emission tomography-computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging; PWI: perfusion-weighted imaging; ASL: arterial spin labeling; PPI: present pain intensity; PRI: pain rating index; STAI: state-trait anxiety inventory; BDI-II: beck depression inventory-II; MPQ: McGill pain questionnaire; NRS: numerical rating scale; CMSS: cox menstrual symptom scale; SAS: self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: self-rating depression scale; VAS: visual analog scale. Pain Res Manag. 2023 Feb 18;2023:8307249. doi: 10.1155/2023/8307249. eCollection 2023. Anxiety Depression Blood Flow Review
36865050 For example, acupuncture at Shuigou (DU26) and Neiguan (PC6) acupoints in rabbits after ROSC helped to: (1) increase blood flow and oxygenation in the brain by increasing the blood flow velocity in the cerebral arteries, improving mitochondrial respiratory function in brain tissue, and increasing the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production; (2) reduce early cerebral edema and energy failure in the ischemia-reperfusion area by improving Na+-K+-ATPase activity in brain tissue and maintaining ion homeostasis and osmotic pressure balance in and out of the cells; (3) reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving SOD activity after CPR, promoting the scavenging of superoxide anion free radicals, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation damage. Integr Med Res. 2023 Mar;12(1):100925. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100925. Epub 2023 Feb 5. Blood Flow Review
36964825 There are approximately 365 identifiable acupuncture points in the human body, and the pathways connecting the acupuncture points are called meridians, through which Qi (dynamic energy residing in living creatures) flows, similar to blood flowing through the arteries and vessels. Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Mar 25;38(1):92. doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03754-w. Blood Flow Review
37091130 Acupuncture therapy can reduce whole blood viscosity to increase the elasticity of cerebral arteries, reduce vascular tension, and improve blood viscosity and aggregation to improve cerebral blood flow and promote blood circulation. Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. Circulation Blood Flow Review
37091130 This result shows that acupuncture therapy has a particular impact on hemorheology in the brain, which may improve cerebral blood flow, promote brain tissue metabolism, nourish the nervous system, and thus repair the local nerve function of the body. Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37091130 We reviewed previous research and found that, based on two models of aphasia, the research on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment in PSA mainly concerns: (1) the single acupoint for the activation of different cortical areas in aphasia patients; and (2) acupuncture improves blood circulation, increases cerebral blood flow, restores the blood supply of damaged brain tissue, and improves hemorheology. Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. Circulation Blood Flow Review
37260441 Combined treatment of acupuncture, moxibustion, and drugs can effectively improve endometrial receptivity and uterine artery blood flow in PCOS patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis and increase pregnancy rate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 May 16;14:956772. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.956772. eCollection 2023. Kidney Blood Flow Review
37335660 Acupuncture can increase cerebral blood flow and the number of Nissl nerve sources; reverse mitochondrial damage; reduce infarct size; upregulate SOD, GSH-PX, ATP, COX, amyloid precursor protein, and acetylcholine levels; and downregulate reactive oxygen species, MDA, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 9;102(23):e33989. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033989. Blood Flow Review
37363406 With the application of laboratory tests and neuroimaging technology, it was gradually revealed that acupuncture may reduce central nerve inflammatory infiltration and oxidative and nitrite stress and apoptosis, regulate the nerve biochemical material metabolism, local blood flow and functional connection, and restore cell morphology and tissue structure, in order to improve clinical symptoms of CFS patients, including central fatigue, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive difficulty, pain, etc. World J Acupunct Moxibustion. 2023 Mar 17. doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2023.03.002. Cognitive Function Blood Flow Review
37397457 The mechanisms of acupuncture on PSCI involves anti-neuronal apoptosis, promoting synaptic plasticity, alleviating central and peripheral inflammatory reactions, and regulating brain energy metabolism disorders (including improving cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization and mitochondrial structure and function, etc. Front Neurosci. 2023 Jun 15;17:1211044. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1211044. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37397457 In addition, acupuncture can increase intracranial blood flow rate and blood flow, improve cerebral circulation, reduce inflammatory reactions, increase brain energy metabolism, increase functional connectivity in brain regions, and thus improve cognitive level. Front Neurosci. 2023 Jun 15;17:1211044. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1211044. eCollection 2023. Circulation Blood Flow Review
37397457 In conclusion, the effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on PSCI involves anti-neuronal apoptosis, promoting synaptic plasticity, alleviating central and peripheral inflammatory reactions, and regulating brain energy metabolism disorders (including improving cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization and mitochondrial structure and function, etc. Front Neurosci. 2023 Jun 15;17:1211044. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1211044. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37501979 The authors of the study suggested that the combined treatment approach may be more effective than using either treatment modality alone because scalp acupuncture can enhance the neural plasticity and improve blood flow to the brain, while computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation training can provide targeted cognitive training to improve specific cognitive domains. Heliyon. 2023 Jul 11;9(7):e18157. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18157. eCollection 2023 Jul. Blood Flow Review
37501979 Scalp acupuncture at these locations can stimulate cortical projections to the scalp, increase cerebral blood flow to the affected area, enhance functional brain activity, and modify the levels of various biomolecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, plasma endothelin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Heliyon. 2023 Jul 11;9(7):e18157. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18157. eCollection 2023 Jul. Blood Flow Review
37650106 Neural control of cerebral blood flow: scientific basis of scalp acupuncture in treating brain diseases Front Neurosci. 2023 Aug 15;17:1210537. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210537. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37650106 Effects of scalp acupuncture on cerebral blood flow Front Neurosci. 2023 Aug 15;17:1210537. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210537. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37650106 This study showed that acupuncture improved the vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity and achieved good efficacy for patients with PCIV. Front Neurosci. 2023 Aug 15;17:1210537. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210537. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37650106 Moreover, longer duration of acupuncture interventions (more courses or sessions) and stronger stimulation (intensity) are generally more effective in improving vertebrobasilar blood flow velocity. Front Neurosci. 2023 Aug 15;17:1210537. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210537. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37650106 The relative specificity of scalp acupuncture in regulating cerebral blood flow Front Neurosci. 2023 Aug 15;17:1210537. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210537. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
37780709 By increasing cerebral blood flow to ischemic regions and encouraging the growth of CNS (central nervous system) cells, acupuncture preserves CNS neurons and promotes functional remodeling of the CNS. Front Neurol. 2023 Sep 14;14:1248348. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248348. eCollection 2023. Blood Flow Review
38013378 Acupuncture can stimulate hard-to-reach locations with greater accuracy compared to rehabilitation training, and according to traditional Chinese medicine theory, acupuncture and moxibustion can unblock Qi and blood flow, promoting the recovery of language function. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 24;102(47):e36160. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036160. Blood Flow Language Function Review
38189090 First, promoting blood circulation: acupuncture can stimulate the nerves and tissues around acupoints, thus increasing blood flow and microcirculation, which helps to improve the blood supply to the kidneys. Ren Fail. 2024 Dec;46(1):2301504. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2301504. Epub 2024 Jan 8. Microcirculation Circulation Blood Flow Review
18476416 The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), rate pressure product (RPP), cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and blood flow acceleration index (ACI) in Group A at T1 were all significantly lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but became significantly higher at T2 and T5 as compared with those of baseline (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while no significant change of them was found in Group B. Moreover, MAP, RPP, SVR and ACI were significantly higher in Group A than those in Group B at T2 and T5 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2008 Mar;28(3):206-8. Heart Rate Blood Flow Clinic
27688791 reported blood flow would be reduced in bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum area in hypertensive patients by brain functional imaging. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:6908710. doi: 10.1155/2016/6908710. Epub 2016 Sep 4. Blood Flow Clinic
34682857 Women with PDM experience cramping pain during menses, which may be due to an abnormal concentration of prostanoids, uterine hypercontractility, or reduced uterine blood flow. J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 15;10(20):4731. doi: 10.3390/jcm10204731. Blood Flow Clinic
34682857 Peripherally, manual acupuncture on SP6 significantly improves uterine artery blood flow. J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 15;10(20):4731. doi: 10.3390/jcm10204731. Blood Flow Clinic
20308770 We observed the effect of ACU on cerebral blood flow (%CBF) and DeltaGLU (the changes in GLU release) in the ischemic stroke rat model of diabetic mellitus (DM). Physiol Meas. 2010 May;31(5):633-47. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/31/5/003. Epub 2010 Mar 22. Blood Flow Mechanism
24055977 Cerebral blood flow and apoptosis-associated factor with electroacupuncture in a traumatic brain injury rat model. Acupunct Med. 2013 Dec;31(4):395-403. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010406. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
24055977 Regional blood flow, cell infarction volume, extent of neuronal apoptosis, expression of cell apoptosis-associated factor transforming growth-interacting factor (TGIF) were studied, and functional outcome was assessed by running speed test. Acupunct Med. 2013 Dec;31(4):395-403. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010406. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
24055977 All tests except regional blood flow were performed 72 h after TBI onset. Acupunct Med. 2013 Dec;31(4):395-403. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010406. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
24055977 RESULTS: Immediately after TBI, compared with the TBI control groups, the regional blood flow was significantly increased by EA treatment for 60 min. Acupunct Med. 2013 Dec;31(4):395-403. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010406. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
24055977 CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of TBI in the acute stage with EA for 60 min could increase the regional blood flow and attenuate the levels of TGIF in the injured cortex, might lead to a decrease in neuronal apoptosis and cell infarction volume, and might represent one mechanism by which functional recovery may occur. Acupunct Med. 2013 Dec;31(4):395-403. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010406. Epub 2013 Sep 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
2469996 Acupuncture and sensory neuropeptides increase cutaneous blood flow in rats. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Feb 27;97(3):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90615-0. Blood Flow Mechanism
2469996 The effect on blood flow of electro-acupuncture (EA) injection of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in musculocutaneous flaps in the rat, using laser Doppler flowmetry. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Feb 27;97(3):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90615-0. Blood Flow Mechanism
2469996 It was shown that treatment with EA increased the blood flow moving the circulatory border distally 66% after a treatment. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Feb 27;97(3):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90615-0. Circulation Blood Flow Mechanism
2469996 Injection of NaCl into the dorsal central vein of the flap resulted in no increase in blood flow whereas SP 10(-9) M and CGRP 10(-9) M increased the blood flow so that the circulatory border moved distally 31% and 49%, respectively. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Feb 27;97(3):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90615-0. Circulation Blood Flow Mechanism
2469996 It is suggested that the effect of EA on blood flow is similar to the effect achieved by injecting CGRP and SP. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Feb 27;97(3):305-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90615-0. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 We assessed the responses of arteriolar blood flow to acupuncture stimulation and phototherapy under direct vision to examine the effects of these treatments. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 Arteriolar diameter and blood flow velocity were measured at baseline and for 60 min after acupuncture or irradiation treatment. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 Blood flow rate was calculated by multiplying the blood flow velocity by the cross-sectional area of the vessels. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 Blood flow velocity and blood flow rate showed similar trends to arteriolar diameter. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture stimulation and phototherapy were directly confirmed to increase the diameter and blood flow velocity of the peripheral arterioles. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Blood Flow Mechanism
19151301 Acupuncture stimulation and phototherapy, associated with minimal systemic and local side effects, can enhance the microcirculation and may be a useful supportive treatment for diseases caused by poor peripheral blood flow. Anesth Analg. 2009 Feb;108(2):635-40. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819317bc. Microcirculation Side Effects Blood Flow Mechanism
17963318 A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion animal model was established by permanent ligation of both common carotid arteries; a cerebral infarct animal model was established by blocking the blood flow of both common carotid arteries and the right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion in Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(5):779-91. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X07005260. Blood Flow Mechanism
2883836 Although no striking findings were obtained during the needle application for a period of 30 minutes, it was clearly observed that the microvascular blood flow increases gradually in parallel with augmenting spontaneous rhythmic fluctuation of the vessel diameter, namely vasomotion, throughout a continuous observation period longer than 2 hours following release from the needle application. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1987;12(1):45-51. doi: 10.3727/036012987816951121. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
2883836 The clinical efficacy of acupuncture was suggested to be explained at least in part by the increased rhythmic microvascular blood flow in parallel with vasomotion, from the physiological point of view based on the previous investigations. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1987;12(1):45-51. doi: 10.3727/036012987816951121. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
20546685 Angiogenesis and improved cerebral blood flow in the ischemic boundary area were detected after electroacupuncture treatment to rats with ischemic stroke. Neurol Res. 2011 Jan;33(1):101-7. doi: 10.1179/016164110X12714125204317. Epub 2010 Jun 11. Blood Flow Mechanism
20546685 The vascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation were stained by double-immunofluorescence labeling method (Ki67 and vWF), region cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), and the neurological scores was assessed. Neurol Res. 2011 Jan;33(1):101-7. doi: 10.1179/016164110X12714125204317. Epub 2010 Jun 11. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
20813156 Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was monitored before, during and after EA at different periods of treatment (d1, 7 and 14 sessions). Neurosci Lett. 2010 Nov 12;485(1):74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.068. Epub 2010 Sep 9. Blood Flow Mechanism
24170631 Indices of neurobehavioral scores, cerebral blood flow, infarction rate, microcirculation, and light microscope, etc. Chin J Integr Med. 2013 Nov;19(11):853-8. doi: 10.1007/s11655-013-1530-7. Epub 2013 Oct 30. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
24619238 Neurobehavioral scores, cerebral blood flow, infarction rate, microcirculation, light microscopy, etc. Chin J Integr Med. 2014 Feb;20(2):130-5. doi: 10.1007/s11655-013-1584-6. Epub 2014 Mar 6. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
20034451 Simultaneously, the cerebral blood flow was measured and the electroencephalogram data were recorded. Neurol Res. 2010 Feb;32 Suppl 1:79-83. doi: 10.1179/016164109X12537002794200. Blood Flow Mechanism
20034451 The changes of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalogram were not significantly different between the groups. Neurol Res. 2010 Feb;32 Suppl 1:79-83. doi: 10.1179/016164109X12537002794200. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of Sympathetic Ganglions and Acupuncture Points on Distal Blood Flow. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a widely-practiced method to increase blood flow in clinical practice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 The best location for stimulation to achieve optimal blood flow has not yet been determined. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 We compared the effect of TENS application at sympathetic ganglions and acupuncture points on blood flow in the foot of healthy individuals. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 Blood flow was recorded at time zero as baseline and every 3 minutes after baseline during stimulation, with a laser Doppler flow-meter. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 Individuals who received sympathetic ganglion stimulation showed significantly greater blood flow than those receiving acupuncture point stimulation or those in the control group (p<0.001). J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
28483183 Data analysis revealed that blood flow at different times during stimulation increased significantly from time zero in each group. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
25284428 Improving testicular blood flow with electroacupuncture-like percutaneous nerve stimulation in an experimental rat model of testicular torsion. Neuromodulation. 2015 Jun;18(4):324-8; discussion 328. doi: 10.1111/ner.12246. Epub 2014 Oct 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
25284428 INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the blood-flow-enhancing effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in an experimental rat model of testicular torsion. Neuromodulation. 2015 Jun;18(4):324-8; discussion 328. doi: 10.1111/ner.12246. Epub 2014 Oct 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
25284428 CONCLUSION: EA can improve testicular blood flow bilaterally in a rat model of unilateral testicular torsion at 180 degrees . Neuromodulation. 2015 Jun;18(4):324-8; discussion 328. doi: 10.1111/ner.12246. Epub 2014 Oct 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
30883553 Among all the proposed mechanisms by which acupuncture works, the anti-inflammatory effect has been the most often mentioned and is supposed to provide nonanalgesic effects via suppression of the inflammatory response, improved blood flow, or relaxation of muscle tone, but they are still largely conjectural. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. Analgesic Effect Blood Flow Mechanism
30883553 Previous results indicated the mean blood flow was larger at the acupoints than in their surrounding tissues, indicating when an acupoint was stimulated adequately, the blood perfusion of this point continued to increase and improve local microcirculation in specific organs and tissues. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
30740905 Microcirculation plays a pivotal role in metabolic supply and metabolism, regulating blood flow and maintaining homeostasis. J Biophotonics. 2019 Jun;12(6):e201800458. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201800458. Epub 2019 Mar 6. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
30740905 The functional changes in the microcirculation during acupoint sensitization such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation, blood flow and rate of oxygen metabolism should be investigated. J Biophotonics. 2019 Jun;12(6):e201800458. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201800458. Epub 2019 Mar 6. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
30740905 Further research should focus on the functional changes in the microcirculation during acupoint sensitization such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation, blood flow and rate of oxygen metabolism. J Biophotonics. 2019 Jun;12(6):e201800458. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201800458. Epub 2019 Mar 6. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
24828425 Reperfusion damage occurs when blood returns to the brain after a period of ischemia, continuing even after blood flow is restored. PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. Blood Flow Mechanism
24828425 During ischemic stroke, oxygen deficiency secondary to the obstruction of blood flow precipitates the inflammatory response and the upregulation of MMPs, also termed gelatinases. PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. Blood Flow Mechanism
24828425 Under normal conditions, total cessation of blood flow does not provoke dysfunction of water homeostasis, suggesting that some residual blood flow is required to develop brain edema. PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. Blood Flow Mechanism
35704659 SP6, the intersecting point of Gan (liver), spleen channels (Pi) and kidney (Shen), can regulate the functions of the Gan, Pi and Shen, restoring Qi and blood flow movements. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 15;17(6):e0259609. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259609. eCollection 2022. Kidney Blood Flow Mechanism
21796340 In MRI, a standard practice of imaging the slow movement of molecules in blood flow is known as the MR angiography. Pflugers Arch. 2011 Oct;462(4):587-97. doi: 10.1007/s00424-011-0993-7. Epub 2011 Jul 28. Blood Flow Mechanism
34659396 The cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) was assessed using a laser Doppler flowmetry (MoorVMS, England). Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Mechanism
34659396 The 2VO Model Showed a Decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Mechanism
34659396 The pre- and postoperative blood flow was monitored in rats of the sham and 2VO groups with laser Doppler. Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Mechanism
34659396 (a) Preoperative and postoperative blood flow values of the sham and 2VO group analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA, F = 275.036, P < 0.001). Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Mechanism
15046638 Effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation of different frequencies and intensities on ovarian blood flow in anaesthetized rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 26;2:16. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-16. Blood Flow Mechanism
15046638 Maintenance of ovarian blood flow (OBF) is suggested to be important for regular ovulation in women with polycystic ovaries (PCO). Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 26;2:16. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-16. Blood Flow Mechanism
15046638 The ovary is a highly vascularized organ and maintenance of high blood flow is important for the ovulatory process in both humans and animals. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 26;2:16. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-16. Blood Flow Mechanism
15046638 Furthermore, ovarian sympathetic nerves are important regulators for ovarian blood flow (OBF). Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 26;2:16. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-16. Blood Flow Mechanism
15046638 A stable blood flow signal was recorded, at least 2 min prior to the stimulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 26;2:16. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-16. Blood Flow Mechanism
23737982 reported that acupuncture increased regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia of PD patients. PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064403. Print 2013. Blood Flow Mechanism
28913350 After 15 minutes of blocked blood flow from the right MCA, the suture was removed slowly and reperfusion was allowed for 24 hours. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3178014. doi: 10.1155/2017/3178014. Epub 2017 Aug 24. Blood Flow Mechanism
28913350 In our previous study, EA at both ST36 and ST37 acupoints increased the cerebral blood flow in rats with or without cerebral ischemia. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3178014. doi: 10.1155/2017/3178014. Epub 2017 Aug 24. Blood Flow Mechanism
28913350 established a permanent MCAo model and found that GFAP null mice had a larger cortical infarct volume, suggesting that astrocytes play a critical role in regulating the local cerebral blood flow in the penumbra region after ischemia. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3178014. doi: 10.1155/2017/3178014. Epub 2017 Aug 24. Blood Flow Mechanism
36816326 In a previous study, we demonstrated that this method is associated with improved cerebral blood flow, decreased leakage through the BBB, and improvements in aerobic cerebral glucose metabolism. Heliyon. 2023 Jan 31;9(2):e13346. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13346. eCollection 2023 Feb. Blood Flow Mechanism
36816326 found that acupuncture was able to improve cerebral oxygen saturation and cerebral blood flow velocity in VD patients. Heliyon. 2023 Jan 31;9(2):e13346. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13346. eCollection 2023 Feb. Blood Flow Mechanism
30662282 Also, pyruvate kinase PKM was significantly downregulated in the MTrP muscle region compared with the healthy muscle tissue, and a study reported that it might be associated with a decrease in blood flow and mitochondrial dysfunction in MTrP muscle regions. J Pain Res. 2019 Jan 7;12:283-298. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S185916. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism
34782576 Laser speckle blood flow imaging Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jun;17(6):1310-1317. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355. Blood Flow Mechanism
34782576 To evaluate successful establishment of the ischemic model (greater than 30% decrease in blood perfusion in the infarcted site compared to the healthy site), blood perfusion was measured in all experimental groups using the laser speckle blood flow imaging system within 24 hours of each manipulation. Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jun;17(6):1310-1317. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355. Blood Flow Mechanism
34782576 Total brain blood flow was recorded in a 60 mm2 target area. Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jun;17(6):1310-1317. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355. Blood Flow Mechanism
34782576 : Laser speckle blood flow imaging showed blood perfusion in the entire brain was decreased after stroke, while rescued by EA. Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jun;17(6):1310-1317. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355. Blood Flow Mechanism
34630618 Elevated blood ammonia can stimulate iNOS expression, promote NO production, increase cerebral blood flow, and result in astrocyte edema. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. Blood Flow Mechanism
34630618 Hyperammonemia can stimulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), upregulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), and increase cerebral blood flow, thus leading to edema of astrocytes and damage to the central nervous system, which ultimately causes cognitive dysfunction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. Cognitive Function Blood Flow Mechanism
36440366 The right middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow was occluded by advancing in parallel along the ICA. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Nov 14;2022:3470685. doi: 10.1155/2022/3470685. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
36440366 The body activates neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke, including the promotion of cell proliferation and neurogenesis, regulation of cerebral blood flow and neurochemicals, and the inhibition of cell death in the ischemic area. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Nov 14;2022:3470685. doi: 10.1155/2022/3470685. eCollection 2022. Neuroprotection Blood Flow Mechanism
25206407 Regional cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery territory was reduced to < 20% of baseline after advancing the fishing line to the origin of the middle cerebral artery, and reconstituted to > 60% of baseline after removal of the fishing line. Neural Regen Res. 2013 Apr 25;8(12):1132-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.008. Blood Flow Mechanism
34472483 Although a similar model was successfully used in a previous study, only functionally multimodal imaging of the cerebral blood flow from the brain surface was examined (Bere et al., 2014). Neural Regen Res. 2022 Apr;17(4):832-837. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.322470. Blood Flow Mechanism
31217804 During the attack, a previous study has found that the contraction of extracerebral arteries is associated with the amelioration of headache; and during the headache-free periods, it was found that the intracranial cerebral blood flow increases (vasodilatation). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 May 14;2019:9512875. doi: 10.1155/2019/9512875. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism
24803946 Previous studies have shown that EA at DU26 and DU16 increased cerebral blood flow and reduced ischemic brain injury, which resulted in the attenuation neurological deficits, infarct volume, and mortality in animal models exposed to ischemic insults. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:431580. doi: 10.1155/2014/431580. Epub 2014 Apr 3. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 Results showed that acupuncture intervention had a remarkable improvement in neural deficit score, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral infarction volume of MCAo rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 The difference between the model and control groups was that rats in the model group underwent neurological function test, cerebral blood flow detection, and cerebral infarction volume measurement immediately after they recovered from anesthesia while rats in the control group received all these measurement 60 hours later together with the acupuncture group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 Blood flow in the left middle cerebral artery was blocked by the nylon thread. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 They received neurobehavioral test and cerebral blood flow (CBF) detection as soon as they recovered from anesthesia and then their brains were immediately collected for cerebral infarction volume measurement and microarray test. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 Acupuncture Increased Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) of MCAo Rats Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 Among all the different expression genes in the process of ischemic stroke, some may aggravate the obstruction of blood flow, death of ischemic neurons, and dysfunction of subsequent neurological behavior that had led to the early and ultimate pathological injury of ischemic stroke and some may play an important protective role as the spontaneous anti-injury response in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25861363 Rats in the model group underwent the measurements of neurological function, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral infarction volume immediately after they regained consciousness from anesthesia while rats in other groups received the measurements 60 hours later. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25206697 Acupuncture can regulate monoamine neurotransmitter levels, elevate decreased dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin levels, improve regional blood flow, and exert therapeutic effects. Neural Regen Res. 2013 Feb 25;8(6):540-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.007. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 The laser Doppler blood perfusion image could clearly display changes of blood flow distribution in the stomach before and after acupuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Laser Doppler blood image (LDPI) is a new blood perfusion imaging method and can display dynamically blood flow distribution on a wide range with an objective image. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Previously, laser Doppler blood flow imaging technique has been used to observe blood perfusion of the abdominal organs, such as liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder, stomach, intestinal tract and mesentery. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Kidney Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 The two images were used for control, so as to analyze the corresponding relation between the distribution of blood flow and the actual gastric surface position. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 The distribution of blood flow on different parts of the gastric surface was analyzed by laser Doppler blood perfusion image on the various parts of the stomach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 It could be seen from the blood perfusion image of the stomach in this study that because distribution of gastric blood vessels showed radical characteristic, blood perfusion can be clearly differentiated and blood flow distribution state of the stomach can be seen at a glance. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Based on previous our investigation, and characteristics and requirements of LDPI, the stomach was placed at the exterior of the body, with a lower temperature of the surface of the stomach, so at the natural state (control group), the gastric blood flow tended to reduction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Hypothermia Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 After acupuncture or EA, obviously a potent vasodilator reaction of gastric vessels was induced, with blood perfusion in the moderate and small vessels and microcirculation increased in dissimilar degrees, and this increase is the result offsetting the natural decrease of blood flow, so the action of acupuncture and EA increasing blood flow is obvious. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 After acupuncture or EA, the increase of blood flow in the moderate and small vessels and micro-vessels indicates that acupuncture or EA can strengthen the whole gastric blood perfusion. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 In addition, another aim of the present experiment is understanding measure of blood flow of the stomach with laser Doppler blood perfusion imaging technique and evaluating effects of acupuncture and EA. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 The microsphere method is a new indirect measurement method of blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Therefore, laser Doppler blood perfusion imaging technique makes investigation of blood flow state of the whole stomach and using it to study changes of vascular functions become possible. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Because laser beam is single and detective part is limited for LDPF, it cannot completely understand general blood flow state of the stomach and its changes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Along with the requirement for blood flow detection in a large area of an organ, application of laser Doppler blood perfusion technique will have more important role. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Before acupuncture, most gastric blood flow were displayed as blue and dark green on the image, the blood vessels did not break, with less blood perfusion in the periphery vessels. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
19531626 Before EA, most gastric blood flow showed as blue and dark green on the image, with the large blood vessels showed shorter in yellow-red. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:969231. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep050. Epub 2010 Oct 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
29853959 Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key mediator in the development and the maintenance of hypertension which exerts effects on brain circulation by regulating vascular structures and two main mechanisms that control cerebral blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Apr 26;2018:5712857. doi: 10.1155/2018/5712857. eCollection 2018. Circulation Blood Flow Mechanism
33328963 Arterial spin labeling and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the white matter integrity. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Nov 23;12:582904. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582904. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
33328963 VaD is characterized by hemodynamic alterations, including persistent cerebral blood flow (CBF) attenuation and dysfunction of CBF regulation. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Nov 23;12:582904. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582904. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
33328963 Although this research investigated the role of acupuncture in cortical blood flow and cognitive performance microscopically, the role of neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture in white matter perfusion and structural integrity has not been delineated. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Nov 23;12:582904. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582904. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
33328963 (A) Reconstructed cerebral blood flow map and the white matter regions of interest (corpus callosum and external capsule, red dotted line). Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Nov 23;12:582904. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582904. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
33328963 (B) The quantification of cerebral blood flow of white matter regions by arterial spin labeling. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Nov 23;12:582904. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582904. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
33269744 After 120 minutes of occlusion, the nylon monofilament was extracted to restore blood flow. Neural Regen Res. 2021 Jun;16(6):1011-1016. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.300454. Blood Flow Mechanism
26654890 Depressed cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation has been observed in AD patients, and acupuncture treatment may increase CBF and improve hippocampal connectivity. Acupunct Med. 2016 Jun;34(3):215-22. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010865. Epub 2015 Dec 9. Blood Flow Mechanism
20981331 It has been established, however, that the positive effect of AC in the treatment of infertility is related to the following: (a) modulating the release of neurotransmitters, such as β-endorphin, which then influence the hypothalamic functions (b) increasing uterine and ovarian blood flow to improve endometrial environment (c) inhibiting uterine contraction to reduce the possibility of expelling embryo out of the uterus (d) modulating immune factors (e) reducing stress of subfertile patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:606514. doi: 10.1155/2011/606514. Epub 2010 Sep 30. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
35069759 The plasma IL-6 concentration increased on the first day of menstruation in women with PD, leading to excessive contraction of uterine muscles and reduced blood flow, ultimately ischemic pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jan 13;2022:4571981. doi: 10.1155/2022/4571981. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
31485183 1-c), a low level of capillary hyperplasia was observed on the vertebral arterial surface, suggesting improved microcirculation, increased blood flow volume and a reduction in the symptoms of CSA. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Feb;26(2):390-394. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 20. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
31485183 Theoretically, a laser needle-knife is the optimal therapy for CSA considering that its primary target is vertebrobasilar insufficiency which leads to a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Feb;26(2):390-394. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 20. Blood Flow Mechanism
31312613 The mechanical stress caused by tumor cells and nearby collagens could decrease the blood flow in tumor vasculature. Front Oncol. 2019 Jul 2;9:576. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00576. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism
31312613 Compression of blood vessels reduces blood flow and in turn lowers the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Front Oncol. 2019 Jul 2;9:576. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00576. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism
27630692 The main functions of acupuncture treatment are improvement of blood circulation, increasing of cerebral blood flow, improvement of hemorheological properties, regulation of metabolism and neurotransmitter balance after ischemia, reduction of oxidative free radical damage, reduction of lipid peroxidation, excitatory amino acid release and toxicity, maintenance of membrane equilibrium, prevention of calcium overload in cells, regulation of gene expression, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis (Liu et al., 2004; Dong et al., 2009). Neural Regen Res. 2016 Jul;11(7):1099-101. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.187042. Toxic Side Effects Circulation Blood Flow Mechanism
29980225 As the most frequently used, Baihui (DU20) acupuncture, meeting point on the Governing vessel with the six yang channels, some researches suggested that EA at DU20 acupuncture could ameliorate memory-related performance in many behavioral tests as well as modulate cholinergic neurons and improve cerebral blood flow. Biol Res. 2018 Jul 6;51(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s40659-018-0166-7. Blood Flow Mechanism
23997794 Acupuncture effect was represented partly by blood perfusion (BP) or blood flow (BF) in several experiments. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:426052. doi: 10.1155/2013/426052. Epub 2013 Aug 12. Blood Pressure Blood Flow Mechanism
24665334 Many literature reported that acupuncture could regulate autonomic nerve activities by decreasing the activities of sympathetic function and manifested as vasodilatation, blood flow increase, and skin temperature increase, and so forth. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:595963. doi: 10.1155/2014/595963. Epub 2014 Feb 10. Skin Temperature Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 The variables evaluated in this study were: mean diameter (mean of the larger horizontal measure and the larger vertical measure) and vascularization (number of colored of minimum, maximum, and mean, and heterogeneity) of the pre-ovulatory follicle and CL on days 0 (D0), 2 (D2), 4 (D4), and 8 (D8); ovulation rate in the first 48 h after induction; interval between induction and ovulation; ovulation rate at 48 h after induction; serum concentration of P4 on D8; and the correlation between mean CL diameter, P4 concentration, and blood flow of the pre-ovulatory and CL follicles. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 A color Doppler ultrasonography device (Mindray Z5, model DP 2200 VET, China) coupled to a linear transrectal transducer (5.0 Hz) was used to assess blood perfusion (follicular and luteal vascularization), visualizing color changes corresponding to blood flow throughout the follicular wall and luteal parenchyma. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 To evaluate correlations between mean CL diameter, serum P4 concentrations, and pre-ovulatory follicle and CL blood flow on the eighth day (D8) after ovulation, we used Pearson's correlation. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 Maximum values were obtained on D2, which decreased until D8, indicating that the therapy used in the present study did not improve luteal blood flow, regardless of dose or route of application. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 Studies using mares also found a positive correlation between blood flow and P4 concentration although studies using Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation in donkey species are rare. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
33791033 The use of Doppler ultrasonography is pertinent, because this makes it possible to predict the functionality of CL in real time based on their blood flow, which may be associated with the diameter. Anim Reprod. 2020 Nov 25;17(4):e20200554. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2020-0554. Blood Flow Mechanism
30899176 Blood flow status of vertebral artery Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
30899176 1-c), a low level of capillary hyperplasia was observed on the vertebral artery surface, which improved microcirculation, increased blood flow volume and alleviated CSA symptoms. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
30899176 Effect of laser needle-knife on blood flow of vertebral artery in CSA rabbits Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
30899176 After the completion of modeling, compared with the blank group, the behavior of the rabbits in the model group was changed, and the blood flow velocity was significantly reduced, which was statistically different from that of the normal group, indicating that the CSA experimental model was successfully established. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
30899176 Since the major cause of CSA is the decrease of local cerebral blood flow due to cone-basal artery insufficiency, laser acupotomy is theoretically particularly suitable for the treatment of CSA. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. Blood Flow Mechanism
27852302 demonstrated that 60 min of EA treatment in the acute stage of TBI could show a better outcome than a 30-min treatment, as determine from an increase in the regional blood flow and attenuation of neuroinflammation-associated parameters. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Nov 16;16(1):470. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1457-6. Blood Flow Mechanism
33193035 Sham rats received the same anesthetic procedure but the ankle was surrounded with a cut O-ring which did not block blood flow. Front Neurol. 2020 Oct 30;11:580997. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580997. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
32547407 Low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) has been shown to restore ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and previous animal experiments showed that EA improves ovarian blood flow and angiogenesis. Front Physiol. 2020 May 29;11:474. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00474. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
32547407 In addition, previous animal experiments using dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated rats showed that EA improves ovarian blood flow, blood redistribution, and angiogenesis, especially in antral follicles. Front Physiol. 2020 May 29;11:474. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00474. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
32547407 In the rat ovary, it was also found that 1 min of low-frequency EA could increase the ovarian local blood flow without affecting the mean arterial pressure. Front Physiol. 2020 May 29;11:474. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00474. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
32547407 Once the ovarian sympathetic nerve was cut, the effect of low-frequency EA on accelerating blood flow was inhibited. Front Physiol. 2020 May 29;11:474. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00474. eCollection 2020. Blood Flow Mechanism
22553490 EA affects ovarian blood flow (OBF) and it was found that low-frequency (2 or 10 Hz) EA increased the OBF by the ovarian sympathetic nerves via supra-spinal pathways in normal rats. Spermatogenesis. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):53-62. doi: 10.4161/spmg.19282. Blood Flow Mechanism
22553490 Similarly, heat treatment of rat testes to 43°C for 30 min resulted in a significant reduction in blood flow per testis. Spermatogenesis. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):53-62. doi: 10.4161/spmg.19282. Blood Flow Mechanism
22553490 Since the testes and ovaries share similar innervations, EA with a frequency of 3 Hz/9 Hz in the present study may also improve the testicular blood flow, facilitating the delivery of nutrients for germ cell repopulation and tissue repair. Spermatogenesis. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):53-62. doi: 10.4161/spmg.19282. Blood Flow Mechanism
22553490 Future studies should be performed to examine the effect of EA on testicular blood flow with a laser-Doppler flow probe. Spermatogenesis. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):53-62. doi: 10.4161/spmg.19282. Blood Flow Mechanism
22553490 The underlying mechanism may be related to the changes in hormone levels, testicular blood flow as well as Sertoli cell and Leydig cell functions after EA and warrants further investigations. Spermatogenesis. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):53-62. doi: 10.4161/spmg.19282. Blood Flow Mechanism
36181105 The team focused on the mechanisms of manual acupuncture or EA for enhancing behavior or cognition in mice model of AD, proposing that manual acupuncture could regulate cerebral blood flow and pro-inflammatory protein expression in Samp8 mice. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 30;101(39):e30858. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030858. Blood Flow Mechanism
25206919 Modern studies have demonstrated that acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui and Shenshu regulate acetylcholinesterase activity, elevate cortical excitability and cerebral blood flow, improve cerebral circulation, protect against free radical oxidation and neurotoxic injury, suppress inflammation and cell apoptosis, improve learning and memory functions, and effectively treat senile dementia (Mao et al., 2012; Luo et al., 2013). Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. Toxic Side Effects Learning and Memory Ability Circulation Blood Flow Mechanism
27880769 Several neuropeptides may be local modulators of bone metabolism, influencing periosteal and medullary blood flow, angiogenesis, and nociception, in addition to having direct effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 23;11(11):e0164652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164652. eCollection 2016. Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 In addition, from the data analysis, the degree of displacement of the cervical spine and vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis of vertebral basilar artery blood flow velocity between the most relevant. Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction can improve the vertebral artery elasticity, make the elasticity of blood vessels increase, can improve red cell activity, inhibit erythrocyte aggregation, and improve blood flow of vertebral artery through the unit of time; the effect of this aspect is basically equivalent to that of Jinfukang granule. Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 Tongduhuoxue decoction can accelerate the rabbit with CSA of shenduxuyu syndrome artery and basilar artery blood flow velocity, can reduce whole blood and plasma viscosity, improve blood supply of vertebral artery, improve concentration and blood sticky situation, and elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ratio and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) content, so as to improve deficiency pathological role. Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 In addition, compared with N group, rabbits in M group had poorer vascular conditions, with more arterial occlusions and fewer folds on their surface, which was detrimental to the health of mice because it showed that CSA caused a decrease in blood flow and insufficient nutrition for transportation (Figure 2B). Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 This suggests that the treatment improves microcirculation and blood flow and alleviates CSA symptoms. Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Microcirculation Blood Flow Mechanism
35478723 As an important coagulation factor in the body, increase in FIB concentration increases blood viscosity, stimulates platelet aggregation, and leads to the formation of blood clots that can block arterial blood flow, which is a factor that needs special consideration in CSA. Front Surg. 2022 Apr 11;9:778608. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778608. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
28386185 Then used a scalpel to median incision in the neck, gradually to separate the muscles around, until the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA), was seen and then bent tweezers stripping of peripheral nerve, separation of CCA, each artery with a diameter of about 0.3 mm acupuncture needle hook up, making approximately 90 degrees, 10 min of ischemia and restoration of perfusion for 10 min, ischemia reperfusion 10 min, and restoration of blood flow were done, and the mice were sutured. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. Blood Flow Mechanism
23573131 Some investigators had pointed out that when the nerve was transacted, the electrical stimulation would help blood reconstruction via somatic/autonomic reflex arc to provide enough blood flow for the regenerated nerve. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:514610. doi: 10.1155/2013/514610. Epub 2013 Mar 12. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Serious neural functional damage and sharp decrease of cerebral blood flow, obvious infarction volume, increased nestin mRNA expression, and immunopositive cells population (nestin+, BrdU+ and nestin/BrdU+) were found in MCAO rats which had not been observed in normal group and sham-operated group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Coincidences with the result of clinic trial, animal researches also demonstrate a neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats treated by acupuncture, which is relative to increased brain blood flow, reduced ischemic infarction volume, and lowered neuronal cell death rate in acupuncture group under the proper stimulated parameter on special acupoint. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Neuroprotection Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 We, therefore, try to reveal the mechanism from accessing neural function deficit, infarction volume, brain blood flow, neural stem cell population, and marker gene expression by neural deficit score, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, laser-Doppler flow meter, immunofluorenscence double-staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Cerebral Blood Flow Observation Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 A laser-Doppler flow meter was employed for observing cerebral blood flow in cerebral pia mater by using a flexible fibre optic to monitor moving red blood cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Then the cerebral blood flow was measured by a laser-Doppler flow meter (Moor-DRT4, Wilmington, DE, USA). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 The laser-Doppler probe recorded the cerebral blood flow on intact dura mater for 1 minute. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Acupuncture Improved Cerebral Blood Flow Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 As shown in Figure 3, cerebral blood flow in rats of model group and no-acupuncture group were sharply decreased after onset of MCAO. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Using laser-Doppler flow meter, double-label immunostaining, RT-PCR, microarray and ELISA, we observed that acupuncture obviously increased brain blood flow (Figure 3), neurogenesis (Figure 5) and expression of nestin mRNA (Figure 6), and caused a series changing of genes and GSK-3β/PP2A (proteins that are relative to biological processes of phosphorylation and cell proliferation) expression (Table 1 and Figure 7). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 We found out that cerebral blood flow dramatically increased in acupuncture group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Given the results mentioned above, we speculate that acupuncture may achieve neuroprotection by enhancing self-repairing capacity which increases cerebral blood flow to create an appropriate microenvironment for subsequent proliferation and migration of neural stem cell towards the ischemic boundary region to replenish damaged neuron. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Neuroprotection Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Rats in model group euthanatized immediately after MCAO while other groups at 3 days for subsequent investigation of neural deficit score (NDS), cerebral blood flow (CBF), nestin mRNA expression, microarray analysis, and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Immunity Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 Acupuncture improved cerebral blood flow (CBF). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 A sharp decrease in cerebral blood flow was found in model group and no-acupuncture group compared to normal and sham-operated group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
25120577 But acupuncture increased the cerebral blood flow induced by MCAO (▲P < 0.05) (n = 6). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:962343. doi: 10.1155/2014/962343. Epub 2014 Jul 10. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The primary treatment goal for ischemic stroke is to restore blood flow to the brain regions that are ischemic but not yet infarcted. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 tPA is the only FDA-approved medicine for acute ischemic stroke, which restores blood flow to the part being deprived of blood within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 Accumulating experimental evidence shows that acupuncture exerts protective effects by increasing cerebral blood flow, attenuating ROS damage, maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, promoting neurodegeneration, and inhibiting cerebral inflammation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 We revealed that scalp electroacupuncture reduced the infarcted areas and restored the blood flow to the ischemic region after CIRI by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The nylon line was pulled out after 2 hours of embolism, and the blood flow was reperfused. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by using the laser Doppler perfusion imaging system both pre- and postoperatively and 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery and treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The blood flow images of the whole area of the brain were collected by using the laser Doppler high-resolution imaging system (Moor Instruments, USA) and stored in the form of two-dimensional images. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The ratio of regional cerebral blood flow in the operation group to the sham operation group was calculated by moorLDI laser Doppler imager review V6.0 analysis software to show the rate of regional cerebral blood flow. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The TTC staining and the rCBF of the cerebral cortex were used to measure the cerebral infarction area and the cerebral blood flow perfusion. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 The results demonstrated that scalp electroacupuncture could reduce the infarcted areas and restore the blood flow to the ischemic zone, which seemingly increased in a time-dependent way (Figure 1). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 Early thrombolysis is to restore blood flow and reduce as much cell death of the ischemic region as possible in the stroke acute phase. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
35321503 Effect of scalp electroacupuncture on cerebral infarction area and blood flow after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. Blood Flow Mechanism
25624811 Several beneficial outcomes have been noted, including reduced paralysis due to increased muscle strength, improved speech, reduced mental retardation, restored cerebral blood flow and improved locomotion. Neural Regen Res. 2012 Aug 25;7(24):1859-65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.24.003. Blood Flow Mechanism
30766475 Reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a sensitive marker to early perfusion deficiencies in AD. Front Neurosci. 2019 Jan 31;13:37. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00037. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism
30766475 In terms of cerebral hypo-perfusion, reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a sensitive marker for the early perfusion deficiencies of AD. Front Neurosci. 2019 Jan 31;13:37. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00037. eCollection 2019. Blood Flow Mechanism