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Acupuncture Anesthesia related Indicator

This module allows for the query of associated research on acupuncture anesthesia-related record indicators, including clinical and animal model studies. It provides information on potential interaction molecules, such as the String PPI interaction network and GO functional/pathway annotations. Additionally, if existing omics data have detected these molecules, the module will display the changes in omics levels related to acupuncture research.


Demo
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Acupuncture anesthesia surgery knowledge graph query
Keyword：

Summary of knowledge graph

Acupoint selection


PMID 36749304
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yinlingquan SP9 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Yanglingquan GB34 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Futu ST32 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side at the surgical limb
Description Futu (Stomach 32, ST32), Zusanli (Stomach 36, ST36), Yinlingquan (Spleen 9, SP9), and Yanglingquan (Gall Bladder 34, GB34)

PMID 34682857
Acupoint Code Source Group
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP6)

PMID 22380768
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral P6 acupoint for 30 min

PMID 20615859
Acupoint Code Source Group
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description Two acupuncture needles (manufactured, autoclaved) of 150 mm by 0.50 mm, were inserted subcutaneously, one 4 cm above and parallel to the surgical incision and the other 2 cm below the inguinal ligament on the thigh.Other acupuncture needles (40 mm by 0.25 mm/Dong Bang Korea) were inserted using a guide tube in sites at the limbs close to nerve ranches in order to elicit supraspinal effects of the neurostimulation, and in one ear,at the Heart point in the centre of the cavum oncha (Cranial nerve X)—and at the Shenmen point in the fossa triangularis (Cranial nerve V).

PMID 21290841
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Zusanli (ST36)

PMID 19681777
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 20209977
Acupoint Code Source Group
Changqiang GV1 Governor Vessel body
Yaoshu GV2 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description Changqiang (GV 1) and Yaoshu (GV 2)

PMID 19632409
Acupoint Code Source Group
Liangmen ST21 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Qihai CV6 Conception Vessel body
Xiawan CV10 Conception Vessel body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhongwan CV12 Conception Vessel body
Tiaokou ST38 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Gongsun SP4 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Fenglong ST40 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilaterally at SP 4, SP 6, HT 7, PC 6, ST 44, shen men, autonomic point, ST 21, CV 12, ST 40, ST 38, ST 36, CV 6, and CV 10

PMID 19709377
Acupoint Code Source Group
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilaterally at acupuncture LI- 4 (he gu) and HT-7 (shen men) points

PMID 19922244
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description we selected six acupuncture points on the extremities, including bilateral Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36), and Neiting (ST44).

PMID 19127921
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6)

PMID 17959591
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Jianshi PC5 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description PC-5 and PC-6 points of both arms and non-acupoints of both shoulders

PMID 19055289
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Laogong PC8 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side
Description Hegu (LI 4), Laogong (PC 8), Neiguan (PC 6) and Waiguan (TE 5)

PMID 18679598
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description Neiguan (P6)

PMID 18476416
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Neiguan (PC6), Hegu (LI4) and Quchi (LI11)

PMID 17224599
Acupoint Code Source Group
xi AH4 Antihelix ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
Side ipsilateral to the side of surgery
Description The auricular acupuncture group received acupuncture at 3 acupuncture points ipsilateral to the surgery site: knee joint, shenmen and lung.

PMID 17388767
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Liver 3 and Large Intestine 4

PMID 16820123
Acupoint Code Source Group
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Guilai ST29 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description ST29 bilaterally，EA; LI4 bilaterally，EA; SP6 bilaterally; GV20，Manual

PMID 16903604
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Yunmen LU2 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side
Description

PMID 17081902
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side
Description LI-4 (long intestine 4 [Hegu]); PC-6 (pericardium 6 [Neiguan]); H-7 (heart 7 [Shenmen]); TE-5 (triple energizer 5 [Waiguan]); LV-3 (liver 3 [Taichong]); Auricle Shenmen

PMID 15937559
Acupoint Code Source Group
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
xi AH4 Antihelix ear
Side
Description Lung, Shenmen and Knee points；three non-acupuncture points on the auricular helix

PMID 33488793
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36)

PMID 15777857
Acupoint Code Source Group
kuan AH5 Antihelix ear
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
naogan AT3,4i Antitragus ear
Side
Description lung; shenmen; hip points ; thalamus

PMID 15608039
Acupoint Code Source Group
Henggu KI11 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Shousanli LI10 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Guilai ST29 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Side bilaterally
Description bilaterally in the arm (LI 10), the hand (LI 4), and just below the knee (ST 36) to extend and prolong the effect of EA stimulation. The point GV 20, on the top of the cranium, was chosen to increase relaxation based on an empirical recommendation in traditional Chinese medicine.

PMID 15804591
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zhaohai KI6 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Zhongzhu KI15 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Jiquan HT1 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Dazhu BL11 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Mingmen GV4 Governor Vessel body
Tiantu CV22 Conception Vessel body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Jianwaishu SI14 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Jianzhongshu SI15 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Wailing ST26 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shuitu ST10 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yangfu GB38 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shousanli LI10 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Sibai ST2 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Jiaosun TE20 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Jianjing GB21 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Lianquan CV23 Conception Vessel body
Dazhui GV14 Governor Vessel body
Yuanye GB22 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shenmai BL62 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Daimai GB26 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shenzhu GV12 Governor Vessel body
Tongli HT5 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Tongziliao GB1 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description On Yang Channels: Li4 (Hegu), Li10 (Shousanli), Li11 (Quchi), SI3 (Houxi), SI14 (Jian waishu), SI15 (Jian zhogshu), St2 (Sibai), St10 (Shuitu), St26 (Wailing), St36 (Zusanli), BI11 (Dazhu), BI62 (Shenmai), TH20 (Jiaosun), GB1 (Tongziliao), GB20 (Fengchi), GB21 (Jianjing), GB22 (Yuanye), GB26 (Daimai), GB38 (Yangfu). On Yin Channels: LU7 (Lieque), SP6 (Sanyinjiao), Ht1 (Iiguan), Ht5 (Tongli), Ht7 (Shenmen), K6 (Zhaohai), K15 (Zhongzhu), HC6 (Neiguan). points of Eight Extra Channels: GV4 (Mingmen), GV12 (Shenzhu), GV14 (Dazhui), CV22 (Tiantu), CV23 (Lianquan);

PMID 15992223
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shangwan CV13 Conception Vessel body
Side
Description Neiguan and Shangwan

PMID 16419716
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description Both Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected for acupuncture anesthesia.

PMID 15385352
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 15633813
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description yintang; a control point located 2 cm lateral from the lateral end of the right eyebrow

PMID 15609591
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yanglingquan GB34 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
neifenmi CO18 Auricular concha ear
Side
Description

PMID 12969098
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Yinlingquan SP9 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description Bilateral LI4 (hegu) and PC6,Bilateral ST36 (zusanli) and SP9 (yinlingquan), Bilateral LR3 (taichong) and SP6 (sanyinjiao)

PMID 12859301
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Yinlingquan SP9 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side right side
Description LI4 (hegu) and PC6 (ximen)*, ST36 (zusanli) and SP9 (yinlingquan) and LR3 (taichong) and SP6 (sanyinjiao) – on the right side

PMID 34271271
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Danzhong CV17 Conception Vessel body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral PC6 and CV17

PMID 14714354
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Yunmen LU2 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side
Description

PMID 11754709
Acupoint Code Source Group
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
gan CO12 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side bilaterally
Description bilaterally sympathetic; lung; liver; shenmen

PMID 12411789
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 11818760
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 12216602
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description ST36 and PC6

PMID 12406527
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral acupuncture points (Zusanli, also known as ST-36)

PMID 11932132
Acupoint Code Source Group
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
gan CO12 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side
Description Sympathetic; ShenMen; Lung; Liver

PMID 11576093
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shangwan CV13 Conception Vessel body
Side bilaterally
Description Bilateral PC6(Nei-Guan), CV13 (Shang Wen)

PMID 11682391
Acupoint Code Source Group
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side
Description Relaxation; Shen Men; Kidney; Heart; TranquilizerPoint; Master Cerebral; Finger; Shoulder

PMID 11506105
Acupoint Code Source Group
Ganshu BL18 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Danshu BL19 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Pishu BL20 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Weishu BL21 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Sanjiaoshu BL22 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Shenshu BL23 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Qihaishu BL24 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Dachangshu BL25 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Guanyuanshu BL26 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side left and right
Description left and right of the T9–L3 spinal vertebrae (BL18–BL24);intervertebral space (T10–L1)

PMID 33495134
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilaterally at two groups of distal acupoints: one group consisted of Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (PC6), the other contained Zusanli (ST36) and Shangjuxu (ST37; Fig. 1)

PMID 11226090
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 12575601
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Yunmen LU2 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side
Description

PMID 11159266
Acupoint Code Source Group
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side bilaterally
Description Subjects in this group received bilateral auricular acupuncture at the “shenmen” point.

PMID 11789276
Acupoint Code Source Group
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
pizhixia AT4 Antitragus ear
Quanliao SI18 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side
Description

PMID 10527973
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Guilai ST29 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Side bilaterally
Description LI 4 bilateral; TE 5 bilateral;ST 29 bilateral;GV 20;ST 36 bilateral

PMID 10326816
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yifeng TE17 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Xiaguan ST7 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side
Description Hegu(LI4);Jiache(St6);Xiaguan(St7);Yifeng(SJ17)

PMID 10594420
Acupoint Code Source Group
Xuehai SP10 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Liangqiu ST34 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yinlingquan SP9 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side ipsilateral to the side of surgery
Description spleen 9 (Yinlingquan, SP 9), spleen 10 (Xuehai, SP 10), stomach 34 (Liangqui, ST 34) and stomach 36 (Zusanli, ST 36) around the knee joint to be arthroscoped. The distal point was large intestine 4 (Hegu, LI 4) ipsilateral to the side of surgery.

PMID 9244025
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description PC6

PMID 9387365
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side
Description

PMID 31915045
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description Baihui (GV20), Yingtang (EX-HN-3), Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6)

PMID 9387364
Acupoint Code Source Group
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Quanliao SI18 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side
Description

PMID 8706266
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Futu ST32 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Side
Description We used the ear points "Lung", "Shenmen", "Sympathetic", body points "Hegu", "Zhigou", "Futu".

PMID 8280549
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Mingmen GV4 Governor Vessel body
Yaoshu GV2 Governor Vessel body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Ciliao BL32 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side
Description GV2;gv4;sp6 ;B 32;ST 36

PMID 1288930
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description acupuncture with main points Zusanli and auxiliary points Hegu (LI4)

PMID 1544195
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 2052392
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tinggong SI19 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Xiaguan ST7 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side ipsilateral to the site of surgery, and at SJ5 contralaterally
Description ST 6. ST 7, a point in front of the tragus of the ear (S119) and distally in the hand (LI4), all four ipsilateral to the site of surgery, and at SJ5 contralaterally.

PMID 1686080
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Chengshan BL57 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description A skin electrode made of conductant rubber 24 mm in diameter was fixed with EEG gel to the dorsum of one (randomly selected) hand, on the radial aspects of the middle of the second metacarpal bones, corresponding to the acupoint Hegu or LI 4, while another electrode was fixed onto the palmar surface opposite to the Hegu point to complete a circuit. Another pair of electrodes was attached onto the ipsilateral leg, one 2-3 cm lateral and 2-3 cm below the anterior tubercle of the tibia, corresponding to the Zusanli point or ST 36, and the other on the belly directly below the gastrocnemius muscle corresponding to the Chengshan point or UB 57.

PMID 1768550
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description P6

PMID 2382806
Acupoint Code Source Group
neifenmi CO18 Auricular concha ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
jing AH12 Antihelix ear
Side the same side as the thyroid adenoma
Description Jiaogan;Jing;Neifenbi;Shenmen

PMID 32062864
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Houxi (SI 3), and Zhigou (TE 6)

PMID 1978503
Acupoint Code Source Group
Shenshu BL23 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Zhishi BL52 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Dachangshu BL25 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Yinmen BL37 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Weizhong BL40 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Chengjin BL56 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Yanglingquan GB34 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description Acupuncture treatment The meridian points used generally for low back pain, such as 'Shenyu', 'Zhishi', 'Dachangyu', 'Dianya', 'Yinmen', 'Weizhong', 'Chengjin', 'Yanglingquan' were mainly employed as sites of acupuncture therapy.

PMID 2125869
Acupoint Code Source Group
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shangxing GV23 Governor Vessel body
naogan AT3,4i Antitragus ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
shen CO10 Auricular concha ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
Cuanzhu BL2 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Shuaigu GB8 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Hanyan GB4 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description The acupoints consisted of ear needling and body needling.

PMID 1978503
Acupoint Code Source Group
Sibai ST2 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Xiaguan ST7 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Daying ST5 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Shuigou GV26 Governor Vessel body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yingxiang LI20 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quanliao SI18 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Chengjiang CV24 Conception Vessel body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description The incisor of upper jaw : introduction of needle from 'Shuigou' (1/3 below the lower edge of nasal septum) to 'Yingxiang' (nasolabial sulcus), 'Sibai' (infraorbital block point). The canine of upper jaw ; introduction of needle from 'Shuigou' to 'Yingxiang', 'Quanliao' (block point of mandibular nerve) . The premolar of upper jaw : 'Xiaguan' (lower border or zygomatic arch, block point of maxillary nerve), 'Quanliao'. The molar of upper jaw : 'Quanliao', 'Jiache' (1cm before the mandible). The incisor of lower jaw : 'Chenhjiang' (middle of mentolabial sulcus, on the median line), 'Jiache', 'Yidian' (block point of mental nerve). The canine of lower jaw : introduction of needle from 'Chengjiang' to 'Daying' (concave area of the mandible), 'jiache'. The premolar of upper jaw : *Chengjiang', 'Jiache'. The molar of lower jaw : 'Chengjiang', 'Jiache', 'Xiaquan'. In addition, 'Hegu' (between the lower edges of the 1st and2nd metacarpal bone, which is considered to have a great effect of raising pain threshold of the neck and head, was always selected bilaterally.

PMID 2784684
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yaoshu GV2 Governor Vessel body
Mingmen GV4 Governor Vessel body
Ciliao BL32 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description GV2 Govenor vessel 2, Jao-Iu, in the dosal midline between the coccyx and sacrum, GV4 - Govenor vessel 4, MingMen, in the dorsal midline below the spinal process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra: B32- Bladder 32,Ciliao, bilaterally in the second sacral foramen: Sp6 Spleen 6, Sanjiniao, bilaterally on the medialedge of the tibia, four fingerwidths above the tip of the internal malleolus.

PMID 32472663
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral ST36

PMID 6660201
Acupoint Code Source Group
Kongzui LU6 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Wenliu LI7 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Liangqiu ST34 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Diji SP8 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yanglao SI6 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Shuiquan KI5 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Zhongdu LR6 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Waiqiu GB36 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Huizong TE7 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Ximen PC4 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description The series of Accumulation points consists of the following:lung meridian(L-6),large intestine meridian(LI-7),stomach meridian(S-34),spleen-pancreas meridian(SP-8),heart meridian(H-6),small intestine meridian(SI-6),bladder meridian(B-63),kidney meridian(K-5),liver meridian(L-6),gall bladder meridian(GB-36),triple heater meridian (TH-7),heart constrictor meridian(HC-4)

PMID 311153
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
xin CO15 Auricular concha ear
Shuitu ST10 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sidu TE9 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side bilaterally
Description A.Ear Points (Fig.2) 1.Shen-Men(55)to Sympathicus (51)of the ear. 2.Heart (100)to Trachea (103). 3.29 to 26. B.Body Points (Fig.3) 1.Ho-Ku(L1-4).Position:Interdigital space of thumb and index approximately at the midpoint of the 2nd metacarpal bone. 2.Ssu-Tu(TB-9).Position:Extensor side of the forearm at the border of middle to proximal third between ulna and radius. 3.Shuei-Tu(St-10).Position:Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the height of the thyroid cartilage. 4.An-Men(New Point 28) over the groove between mastoid process and occipital bone at the height of the antitragus. A minimum of four and a maximum of six pairs of loci were used. For a median sternotomy usually Ear Points 1-3 and Body Points 1,2,and 4 were employed. For hypotensive patients, instead of point 4, An-Men, St-4 was preferred.

PMID 66867
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description Ho-Ku(LI-4),Tsu-San-Li (St-36) and Sanyinchiao (Sp-6)

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Acupuncture needles were placed bilaterally at Ho-Ku(LI-4),Chu-Chih(LI-11), and Tsu-San-Li(St-36).

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Acupuncture needles were placed bilaterally at Ho-Ku,Nei- Kuan(EH-6),and Tsu-San-Li

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Needle placement was bilaterally at Ho-Ku and Shya-Chu(St-6).

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Cuanzhu BL2 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Zulinqi GB41 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Quanliao SI18 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Side bilaterally
Description Needles were placed bilaterally at Chuan-Liao(SI-18),Tsu- Lin-Chi(GB-41),and Tsan-Chu(BL-2)

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Needles were placed bilaterally at Ho-Ku, Nei-Kuan,and Tsu-San-Li.

PMID 32378261
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally;unilateral
Description bilateral ST36 (Zusanli) and unilateral PC6 (Neiguan)

PMID 4774365
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianshu ST25 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanjian LI3 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Wushu GB27 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
shidao CO2 Auricular concha ear
xiaochang CO6 Auricular concha ear
Side
Description Acupuncture loci used were GB-27,St-25,St-36,Sp-6,Co-2,Co-6 and Li-3.

PMID 4774365
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianshu ST25 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanjian LI3 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Wushu GB27 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
shidao CO2 Auricular concha ear
xiaochang CO6 Auricular concha ear
Side
Description Acupuncture loci used were GB-27,St-25,St-36,Sp-6,Co-2,Co-6 and Li-3.

PMID 4774348
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side right side
Description At 12:30 p.m. one of us (w. H.) administered the acupuncture anesthesia with one needle in the Ho-Ku point of the right hand, and one needle in the Nei-Ting point of the right foot in the two meridians pertinent to the operating area.

PMID 4774348
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description At 7:55 a.m. acupuncture anesthesia was administered by one of us (J. C.) with one needle in the Ho-Ku point of each hand

PMID 945954
Acupoint Code Source Group
Quanliao SI18 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Zulinqi GB41 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Jiache ST6 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Yangbai GB14 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side bilaterally
Description needles placed bilaterally at Yang-Pai (GB-14) and Ho-Ku.

PMID 33154688
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Neiguan (PC6), HT7 (Shenmen), ST36 (Zusanli), and LI4 (Hegu)

PMID 36322060
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianshu ST25 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zhongwan CV12 Conception Vessel body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Zhongwan (RN12) and bilateral acupoints Tianshu (ST25), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37)

PMID 32539426
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description All of them (n=17) received electro-stimulation (2-4 Hz) using single needles inserted at bilateral LI4 and PC6.

PMID 33415861
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description

PMID 29391879
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side
Description Acupoints Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), and Shangjuxu (ST 37) were positioned on both sides

PMID 29773696
Acupoint Code Source Group
Side bilaterally
Description Jia-ji (Ex-B2, L3-L5; bilaterally)

PMID 30277014
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral ST36 and PC6

PMID 30356057
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Danzhong CV17 Conception Vessel body
Shuigou GV26 Governor Vessel body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Side on the middle body line;bilateral
Description CV17 (on the middle body line), and bilateral LI4, HT7, LR3, ST36 and PC6);GV26

PMID 30381011
Acupoint Code Source Group
Feishu BL13 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Feishu (BL13), Hegu (L14), and Zusanli (ST36)

PMID 30425466
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Hegu and Neiguan of both sides

PMID 29925916
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description ST36 and PC6

PMID 30369370
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral acupuncture points like Neiguan, Zhigou, Houxi, Hegu

PMID 36858243
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Liangqiu ST34 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Liangqiu (ST34) and Zusanli (ST36).

PMID 28658163
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Dazhui GV14 Governor Vessel body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description Baihui, Dazhui, and Zusanli

PMID 28105066
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side
Description PC6 (Neiguan), ST36 (Zusanli), and ST37 (Shangjuxv)

PMID 28818674
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36)

PMID 28092106
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description EX-HN3 (Yintang)

PMID 27437568
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (P6)

PMID 32188223
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Dubi ST35 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Dachangshu BL25 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Guanyuanshu BL26 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side
Description

PMID 27688791
Acupoint Code Source Group
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side
Description LR3

PMID 28254101
Acupoint Code Source Group
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Shangguan GB3 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Yangbai GB14 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Naokong GB19 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description Acupuncture points GB-3, GB-14, GB- 19, and GB-20 were used

PMID 25158837
Acupoint Code Source Group
Xuehai SP10 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Liangqiu ST34 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
pizhixia AT4 Antitragus ear
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Xiguan LR7 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
Shenting GV24 Governor Vessel body
xi AH4 Antihelix ear
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Weizhong BL40 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side
Description body acupoints: SP10, ST34, BL40, LR7, ST36, sensory area of the scalp acu_x0002_puncture, GV20, and GV24; and Chinese auricular acupoints: ear Shen men (shemen, TF4), knee point (xi, AH4), sympathesis point (jiaogan, AH6a), and subcortex point (pizhixia, AT4).

PMID 25797640
Acupoint Code Source Group
Shuigou GV26 Governor Vessel body
Yongquan KI1 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Side
Description A – KI1 B – DU26 C – KI1 + DU26 D – Sham acupuncture

PMID 37730266
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Houxi (SI3) and Zhigou (SJ6)

PMID 25689986
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhongwan CV12 Conception Vessel body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral ST36 Zusanli, bilateral PC6 Neiguan and CV12 Zhongwan

PMID 26365445
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Gongsun SP4 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral ST36, PC6, LR3, SP4, LI11

PMID 26170873
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Sanyinjiao (SP6)

PMID 25975045
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6)

PMID 25926298
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianzhu BL10 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Cuanzhu BL2 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Qiuxu GB40 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side craniotomy side
Description Hegu (LI4) and Waiguan (TE5), Jinmen (BL63) and Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36) and Qiuxu (GB 40), and Fengchi (GB20) with Tianzhu (BL10) and Cuanzhu (BL2) with Yuyao (EX-HN4) on the craniotomy side.

PMID 26350110
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side on the sick lateral
Description Neiguan, Hegu, Lieque, and Quchi on the sick lateral

PMID 19369187
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Yaoshu GV2 Governor Vessel body
Shenshu BL23 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Ciliao BL32 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Mingmen GV4 Governor Vessel body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description In patients undergoing hysterectomy the following points were used: GV2, GV4 in the midline and BL32, BL23, LI4 and PC6, bilaterally. In patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystect- omy, the following points were used: LR3, SP6, LI4 and PC6, all bilaterally.

PMID 25661270
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description LI 4 (Hand), LI 11 (Elbow), and St 44 (Foot)

PMID 26011261
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Ximen PC4 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description Neiguan (PC6) and Ximen (PC4) acupoints in the forearm bilaterally

PMID 25851423
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhaohai KI6 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Side
Description point LI4 (hegu) to ST36 (zusanli), P6 (neiguan) to SJ5 (waiguan), and at KI6 (zhaohai); Acupuncture needles were also placed at HT7 (shenmen)

PMID 36034956
Acupoint Code Source Group
pizhixia AT4 Antitragus ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
Side
Description lateral auricular portal nerve, large nerve points, subcortical, small pillow nerve, and sympathetic, such as acupuncture and alcohol disinfection.

PMID 25152761
Acupoint Code Source Group
Weizhong BL40 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side affected side of urolithiasis
Description Weizhong Acupoint (BL-40)

PMID 25169910
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Qiuxu GB40 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side the same side as the craniotomy
Description In Group A, the acupuncture needles (0.25×40 mm) wereinserted into acupoints at LI4 (Hegu), SJ5 (WaiGuan), BL63 (JinMen), LR3 (Tai-Chong), ST36 (ZuSanLi) and GB40 (QiuXu) on the same side as the craniotomy. For LI4, SJ5, BL63, LR3, ST36, and GB40, each acupuncture point was treated with oneneedle. LI4 and SJ5, BL63 and LR3, as well as ST36 and GB40, were connected inpairs to the acupuncture point nerve stimulator.

PMID 23188543
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Tianshu ST25 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Yinlingquan SP9 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description During each acupuncture session, each patient received a total of 14 acupuncture needles at seven pairs of bilateral points (ST-36, PC-6, LI-4, SP-6, SP-9, ST-25, auricular shenmen) for 30 min.

PMID 25137842
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description Those in Group B were induced by acupuncture anesthesia for 30 min by needling at Baihui (DU20), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36).

PMID 24621826
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description Zusanli and Sanyinjiao，ST36 and SP6

PMID 24621826
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description Zusanli and Sanyinjiao，ST36 and SP6

PMID 24745865
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description In the combined group, two sterile acupuncture needles were inserted bilaterally into PC6 and LI4.The same technique was performed on patients in the single group, in which only PC6 was stimulated on each side.

PMID 25047046
Acupoint Code Source Group
Shuigou GV26 Governor Vessel body
Danzhong CV17 Conception Vessel body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side middle body line;bilaterally
Description 7 acupuncture points (Du 26 and Ren 17 (on the middle body line), and bilateral LI 4, HE 7, LV 3, ST 36 and PC 6; see Figure 2)

PMID 24576720
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), and Zusanli (ST36) were chosen as the acupuncture points.

PMID 24865978
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation was applied to three pairs of acupoints: bilateral Hegu (LI4); Neiguan (PC6); and Zusanli (ST36).

PMID 35647012
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Side both sides
Description Baihui (GV20), Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7) and Zusanli (ST 36) at both sides

PMID 23865512
Acupoint Code Source Group
xi AH4 Antihelix ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
pizhixia AT4 Antitragus ear
jiaogan AH6a Antihelix ear
Side ipsilateral to the side of surgery
Description The AA group received true AA by embedding vaccaria seeds at four specific AA points (knee joint, shenmen, subcortex, sympathesis) ipsilateral to the surgery site, while the control group received four nonacupuncture points on the auricular helix.

PMID 24617242
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 29) and Neiguan (PC 6)

PMID 23342207
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side each side of the incision
Description local pain control points (LI4 and SD36) and nearby the incision (total of 4 needles, 2 on each side of the incision)

PMID 23315447
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Qiuxu GB40 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Tianzhu BL10 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Cuanzhu BL2 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side the same side as the craniotomy
Description In group A, EA was applied to LI4 (Hegu), TE5 (Waiguan), BL63 (Jinme), LR3 (Taichong), ST36 (Zusanli), GB40 (Qiuxu), BL10 (Tianzhu), GB20 (Fengchi), BL2 (Cuanzhu) and EX-HN4 (Yuyao) on the same side as the craniotomy.Group S was a sham acupuncture point group. In this group, EA was applied at 9 and 12 Cun above BL60 (Kunlun), 7 and 10 Cun above KI3 (Taixi) and 7 and 9 Cun above HT7 (Shenmen) on the side of the craniotomy.

PMID 23546631
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description The PrEA subjects received EA at PC6 at a depth of 1 cm with Deqi during the surgerypreparation stage.

PMID 24137250
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Jinmen BL63 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Qiuxu GB40 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Tianzhu BL10 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Cuanzhu BL2 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side the same side as the craniotomy
Description EA was applied to Hegu (LI4), Waiguan (TE5), Jinme (BL63), Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36), Qiuxu (GB40), Tianzhu (BL10), Fengchi (GB20), Cuanzhu (BL2) and Yuyao (EX-HN4) on the side with the craniotomy. Group S was a sham acupoints group. In this group, EA was applied at 9 and 12 Cun above Kunlun (BL60), 7 and 10 Cun above Taixi (KI3) and 7 and 9 Cun above Shenmen (HT7) on the side with the craniotomy.

PMID 23142625
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description The acupoints Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Hegu, and Zhigou were used.

PMID 23573118
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Yanglao SI6 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Kunlun BL60 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Touwei ST8 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Liangqiu ST34 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Xuehai SP10 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Taixi KI3 Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin body
Xingjian LR2 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side
Description Hegu;Yanglao;Kunlun;Yintang;Baihui;Erdian/Shuanijue;Touwei;Neiguan;Liangqiu;Xuehai;Neiting;Taixi;Xingjian

PMID 23665888
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description at PC6 bilaterally

PMID 23270318
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description A single, 20-minute session of single-point acupuncture was applied on Yintang (acupuncture group) or sham point (sham acupuncture group).

PMID 36098938
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side both sides
Description PC6, LI4, and ST36

PMID 24024321
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Hegu (LI 4)

PMID 22580962
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianzhu BL10 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Wangu GB12 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Yangbai GB14 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description She was subjected to manual acupuncture for 25 min at Yangbai (GB14), Fengchi (GB20), Wangu (GB12), Tianzhu (BL10), and Hegu (LI4) points after informed consent.

PMID 22580962
Acupoint Code Source Group
Tianzhu BL10 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Shuaigu GB8 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Yangbai GB14 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Wangu GB12 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Side
Description GB20, GB12, GB14, Shuaigu (GB8), BL10, and LI4 points were used for 30 min of acupuncture session after informed consent.

PMID 22712373
Acupoint Code Source Group
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
shen CO10 Auricular concha ear
pizhixia AT4 Antitragus ear
kuan AH5 Antihelix ear
Side
Description on the point of Shenmen, Subcortex, Kidney and hip joint

PMID 23072093
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Side
Description Houxi (SI 3), Zhigou (TE 6), Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu (LI 4) were selected in the five groups.

PMID 22309902
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Jianshi PC5 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side
Description For the EA group, we inserted sterile disposable acupuncture needles (diameter 0.25 mm and length 30 mm) in acupuncture points Neiguan (PC-6) and Jianshi (PC-5), as shown in Fig. 1.

PMID 22459647
Acupoint Code Source Group
Shenting GV24 Governor Vessel body
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description GV24 and EX–HN3 (Yintang)

PMID 22843248
Acupoint Code Source Group
Jianjing GB21 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Zhongfu LU1 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zhongzhu TE3 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side
Description at local GB 21 Jinajing and LU 1 Zhongfu and distal LI 11 Quchi, LI 4 Heu, TE 3 Zhongzhu and TE 5 Waiuan points

PMID 22330010
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yaoshu GV2 Governor Vessel body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Chengshan BL57 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Neiting ST44 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Baihuanshu BL30 Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang body
Side
Description Du2 (yao shu, median line, location of hiatus sacralis), Du20 (bai hui, in the middle of the both apices auriculae), Bi30 (bai han shu, region foramen sacrale, right-sided paravertebral point at L2 level), Bi57 (cheng shan, hollow between the both gastrognemial muscules), Ma44 (nei ting, interdigital between the second and third toe of the left foot) and Pe6 (nei guan, between tendons of flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus on the distal forearm).

PMID 22732720
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side dominant side
Description patients received TEAS at P6 on the dominant side

PMID 33140206
Acupoint Code Source Group
Ximen PC4 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Kongzui LU6 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Shenmen HT7 Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin body
Side both upper limbs;bilaterally
Description 1）Neiguan (PC 6) and Lieque (LU 7) points were selected by international standard, in both upper limbs. After sterilization, filiform needles of 0.30 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length were used to perpendicularly puncture the 4 points. After insertion, the needle bodies were pressed down with the tips pointing toward Ximen (PC 4) and Kongzui (LU 6) (PC 6 to PC 4, LU 7 to LU 6). 2）For the acupuncture, the patient was in supine position and bilateral PC 6 and Shenmen (HT 7) points were considered.

PMID 22611431
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Jianshi PC5 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description small-sized (1.5 cm) cutaneous electrode pads were put bilaterally at the PC-6 and PC-5 points

PMID 22295830
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected for group II, and bilateral Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3) were selected for group III.

PMID 23227690
Acupoint Code Source Group
Yintang GV29 Governor Vessel body
Yingxiang LI20 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Side
Description Yintang (EX-HN 3) and Yingxiang (LI 20)

PMID 23163146
Acupoint Code Source Group
Sibai ST2 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Xiaguan ST7 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Side
Description

PMID 21383391
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Waiguan TE5 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Quchi LI11 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description at bilateral points (LI4–LI11, LR3–ST36, PC6–TE5)

PMID 21570137
Acupoint Code Source Group
Ximen PC4 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhongfu LU1 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description acupuncture needles were inserted into the bilateral points ZhongFu, LieQue, and XiMen.

PMID 21809126
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Shenque CV8 Conception Vessel body
Shuidao ST28 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description The treatment group applied acupuncture with modalities of common needling on Zusanli (ST36) bilaterally, electroacupuncture on Sanyinjiao (SP6), Shuidao (ST28), and Scalp Reproduction Area bilaterally, moxibustion on Shenque (CV8).

PMID 21346689
Acupoint Code Source Group
kuan AH5 Antihelix ear
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
fei CO14 Auricular concha ear
Side ipsilateral to the side of surgery
Description The patients from the AA group received needles at 3 acupuncture points ipsilateral to the surgery site (Fig. 1): MA-AH4 (Hip), MA-TF1 (Shenmen), and MA-IC1 (Lung).

PMID 21169634
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side bilaterally
Description using acupuncture point PC6 bilaterally

PMID 21448381
Acupoint Code Source Group
shenmen TF4 Triangular Fossa ear
Baihui GV20 Governor Vessel body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Taichong LR3 Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin body
Side
Description Group one was auricular acupuncture group with 18 patients. Subjects in this group received ear acupuncture in the point named Shenmen. Group two was body acupuncture group with 17 patients. Subjects in this group received acupuncture in the points of Baihui, Four God's Cleverness, Great Rush and Zu San Li.

PMID 33341226
Acupoint Code Source Group
Side bilaterally
Description The Jia-ji points (six acupuncture points; bilateral EX-B2 at L3, L4, and L5) and a maximum of nine additional acupuncture points were used.

PMID 21442823
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side
Description

PMID 20962656
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description bilateral ST36 and SP6 acupoints

PMID 21570137
Acupoint Code Source Group
Ximen PC4 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhongfu LU1 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description About 15 to 20 min prior to surgical incision, acupuncture needles were inserted into the bilateral points ZhongFu, LieQue, and XiMen.

PMID 22073889
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Houxi SI3 Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang body
Side bilaterally
Description EA (1-3 mA) was applied to bilateral Houxi (SI 3), Zhigou (SJ 6), Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu (LI 4) for 30 min

PMID 21385974
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Side dominant upper extremity
Description P6 acupoint on the dominant upper extremity

PMID 21739700
Acupoint Code Source Group
Hegu LI4 Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming body
Zhigou TE6 Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang body
Sibai ST2 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Xiaguan ST7 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Side left side
Description at Sibai (ST 2), Xiaguan (ST 7), Hegu (LI 4) and Zhigou (TE 6) on the left side and routine local anesthesia on the right side.

PMID 20172127
Acupoint Code Source Group
Neiguan PC6 Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin body
Yunmen LU2 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Lieque LU7 Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin body
Side bilaterally
Description at bilateral Neiguan (PC 6), Lieque (LU 7), and Yunmen (LU 2)

PMID 20694777
Acupoint Code Source Group
Fengchi GB20 Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang body
Fengfu GV16 Governor Vessel body
Side
Description Fengfu acupoint (Du16) and Fengchi acupoint (GB20)

PMID 20131040
Acupoint Code Source Group
Zusanli ST36 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Shangjuxu ST37 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Xiajuxu ST39 Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming body
Sanyinjiao SP6 Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin body
Side
Description Hegu (L14), Quchi (LI11), Neiguan (P6), and Zhigou (SJ6) ；Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Xiajuxu(ST39), and Sanyinjiao (SP6)


Stimulation method


PMID 36749304
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-II Hwato,Suzhou Medical Appliances Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China 2 Hz continuous wave 1-5 mA 20 min

PMID 34682857
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 22380768
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato, model No.SDZ-V Suzhou Medical Instruments Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China 2 Hz disperse-dense wave 14±3 mA 30 min

PMID 20615859
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Sikuro Company, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3/5/10/20/50/100/160/240 Hz alternate,rectangular/exponential asymmetric current - 5 min, The electrical stimulation lasted throughout surgery

PMID 19681777
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
ReliefBands Woodside Bio-medical Systems, Carlsbad, CA, USA 31 Hz - grade III. (up to 35 mA gradable in five strengths) before induction or directly after induction of anaesthesia and remained in situ and active for 24 h after surgery.

PMID 20209977
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A - 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave 9 mA 20 min

PMID 19632409
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 19709377
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - manipulated for 10 s and kept in situ for a total time of 10 min

PMID 19922244
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Model-05B Ching-Ming Medical Device Co., Taipei, Taiwan 1.2/15 Hz regular wave, 390-ms square pulse; dense-disperse wave 500 Ω（12-18 V） 15 min

PMID 19127921
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
KWD-808 II - 10-20 Hz continuous wave 6-8 V 40 min

PMID 17959591
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- NeuroTraxTM TENS & AcuStim; Verity Medical Ltd, Hampshire, UK 50 Hz - - The electrical stimulation was administered until delivery

PMID 34622872
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 70-90 times/min - moderate percussion 10 min

PMID 19055289
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS stimulator - 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave 15-20mA 30 min before anesthesia induction,During the operation, the stimulation was lasted for 30 min and ceased for 30 min until the end of operation.

PMID 18679598
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Huawei Ltd., Beijing,TOF-Watch, Organon Ltd., Dublin, Ireland 2-100 Hz, 50 ms - 0.5-4 mA at least 30 min, but no longer than 60 min before the induction of anesthesia and was continued to the end of surgery

PMID 18476416
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-I - - - - 15 min

PMID 17224599
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - Fixed indwelling acupuncture needles were inserted before surgery and retained in situ until the following morning.

PMID 17388767
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
The Patheon® Electro Stimulator Patheon®(Venice, CA) 2 Hz symmetrical biphasic waveform, with spikeshaped waves on the top and bottom 25 V -

PMID 16820123
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- CEFAR ACUS 4; Cefar, Lund, Sweden;Agistim Duo; Sedatelec, Irigny, France 2/80 Hz,3 s each, pulse duration of 0.18 ms;fixed frequency, 20 Hz, pulse duration of 0.5 ms - The stimulation intensity was as high as possible, just under pain threshold. Needles were stimulated every 10th minute during oocyte retrieval

PMID 17081902
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min; throughout surgery

PMID 15937559
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - inserted before surgery, fixed with flesh-colored adhesive tape and retained in situ after surgery until the following morning，They were encouraged to stimulate the needles for 5 min every time they experienced pain >40 mm (VAS-100) and to take oral ibuprofen only 10 min after

PMID 33488793
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS LH-202 Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz sparse-dense wave 5-10 mA (upper limbs);10-30 mA (lower limbs) 30 min

PMID 15777857
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - The needles were inserted the evening before surgery, fixed with the flesh-colored adhesive tape and retained in situ during the 3 days after surgery. The stimulation was manually performed for 5 min by massage of the AA needles before the trachea intubation, during the most painful phase of surgery and before the extubation.

PMID 15608039
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
CEFAR Acus 4 Cefar, Lund, Sweden 80 Hz(abdomen); 2 Hz(hands); a burst length of 0.1 s; a burst frequency of 80 Hz square-wave pulses he high-frequency stimulation intensity induced strong but non-painful paraesthesia with the aim of influencing the spinal cord and activating the gate control system; he low-frequency stimulation induced non-painful local muscle contractions with the aim of releasing b-endorphins centrally and reducing the sensation of pain. EA was administered 30–45 min before oocyte aspiration and terminated directly after retrieval.

PMID 15804591
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - -

PMID 15992223
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Acmodermil Stimulator SBJ Interna-tional, France 20 Hz - 10 mA 5 min

PMID 15385352
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS electrodes;HANS dual channel unit Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2-100 Hz alternating wave - 30-60 min

PMID 15633813
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 15 min

PMID 12969098
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
CEFAR Acus II Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden burst frequency 2 Hz including 80 Hz of frequency pulse-trains a square pulse pattern with alternating polarity 2 mA The duration of the acupuncture and sham procedures was 21_x005f±1 and 23±3 min, respectively.

PMID 12859301
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
ACUS II Cefar Medical AB, Lund, Sweden 2 Hz square pulses with alternating polarity 2.5 mA 25 min

PMID 34271271
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-V Hwato,Suzhou Medical Appliances Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China 2/10 Hz disperse-dense wave The stimulation intensity was identified as the maximal tolerance to the “Teh Chi” sensations of heaviness, numbness, and swelling at the point of stimulation. 30 min

PMID 11754709
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 40 min

PMID 11818760
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LTD IC-1107 ITO-Co., Braintree, MA 4 Hz - - 20 min

PMID 12216602
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WQ1002K AERON Optoelectronic Technology Corp., Beijing, PRC 2 Hz;100 Hz - - 45 min

PMID 12406527
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Trio 300 I. T. O., Japan 2/100 Hz - 0.5 mA; 1 ms square pulse 20 min

PMID 11932132
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 40 min

PMID 11576093
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 15 min

PMID 11682391
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 11506105
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 4 postoperative days

PMID 33495134
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave;complete symmetric biphasic pulse Thes timulation intensity was adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. The stimulation (real or sham) lasted from 30 min before surgery until the endof the operation.

PMID 11226090
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Woodside Biomedical, Inc, Carls-bad, CA 31 Hz - 25 mA -

PMID 10527973
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
CEFAR Acus Cefar, Lund, Sweden 2/100 Hz continuous square wave pulses,alternating polarity,pulse duration of 0.2 ms;square wave pulses,alternating polarity,pulse duration of 0.2 ms,80 pulses per second (pps) - -

PMID 10326816
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 20 to 30 seconds 3 times - - 20 min

PMID 10594420
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 15 min

PMID 9244025
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - The average time of PC6 acupuncture stimulation was 20 min in the study group.

PMID 31915045
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-V Hwato,Suzhou Medical Appliances Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China 2/100 Hz dense-disperse frequency 12-15 mA 30 min

PMID 8280549
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 10 Hz;100 Hz;320 msec pulse width - 12 V 20 min; throughout surgery

PMID 1288930
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
KWD-808 I - 800-2000 time/min continuous wave - 30 min; throughout surgery

PMID 1544195
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 5 min

PMID 2052392
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 1686080
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WQ 1002 - 2/100 Hz bidirectional square wave 26-30 mA 30 min

PMID 1768550
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 5 min

PMID 1873894
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805 - - - - 5-9 min;9-11 min

PMID 2382806
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805 - 4 Hz - 20 mA ;20 V -

PMID 32062864
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz continuous stimulation (30 mA) throughout the surgical procedure, and intermittent stimulations (10–15 mA) for 30 minutes each at six, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery. 10-15 mA(before anesthetic induction/at six, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery);30 mA(throughout the surgical procedure); Patients in the TEAS group received electrical stimulation for 30 minutes before anesthetic induction, continuous stimulation throughout the surgical procedure, and intermittent stimulations for 30 minutes each at six, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery

PMID 1978503
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LAUS-Trimix-1 unit Nihon Medix 3 Hz two-direction exponential wave 6 V;17 mA 15 min

PMID 1978503
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LAUS-MX 1001 unit Nihon Medix 3 Hz two-direction exponential wave 6 V;17 mA 30 min

PMID 2784684
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WC-10 R - 10 Hz;100 Hz - 12 V They were removed after treatment.

PMID 6310920
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 40 Hz - 10-20 mA 60 min

PMID 6606153
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Neuromod 3722 - - - - -

PMID 32472663
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
SNM-FDC01 Ningbo Maida Medical Device, Inc., Ningbo, China 25 Hz - 2-10 mA TEA atST36 or sham-TEA at non-acupoints was performed for one hour.

PMID 6662343
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2 Hz - 20-40 mA 45 min

PMID 311153
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Type 71-3 - 15-20 Hz asymmetrical biphasic impulses 6-10 mA(ear points), 15-50 mA(body points) -

PMID 66867
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Itolator Model E-4 and Neurometer NADC - 3-4 Hz - - -

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V 20 min

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V 20 min

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V 20 min

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V 20 min

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V 20 min

PMID 32378261
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
SNM-FDC01 Ningbo Maida Medical Device, Inc., Ningbo, China 25 Hz(ST36);100 Hz(PC6) - 2-10 mA 1 h

PMID 141644
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Grass Model S8 - 60 Hz sine wave 35 V -

PMID 1097921
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 4843160
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - -

PMID 4774365
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
701 stimulator - - - - 20 min; throughout surgery

PMID 4774365
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
701 stimulator - - - - 20 min; throughout surgery

PMID 4774348
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - -

PMID 4774348
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
626-1 China - - - 45 min

PMID 5067773
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 945954
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 1-200 Hz - 9 V throughout surgery

PMID 33154688
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-II Suzhou Medical Appliances Co. Ltd, Suzhou, China 2/10 HZ - 6-15 mA 30 min

PMID 36322060
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz alternating adjusted to trigger slight vibration of the needle handles 30 min

PMID 32539426
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2-4 Hz(bilateral LI4 and PC6);30 Hz(the lump site) - - The electrical stimulation was started 60 min before the surgery and was continued until the end of the surgery.

PMID 29391879
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 80-90 times/min - the level that was bearable to the patients 15-20 min

PMID 29773696
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
ES-160 ITO Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan 50 Hz biphasic waveform - 15 min

PMID 30277014
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
SNM-FDC01 Ningbo Maida Medical Device, Inc., Ningbo, China 25 Hz(ST36);100 Hz(PC6) trains of pulses 2-10 mA 30 min

PMID 30356057
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - Needles or plasters were left in place for 72–96 hours depending on the patient’s discharge from the hospital (earliest 48 hours after surgery), covering the whole perioperative period.

PMID 30381011
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS LH-202 Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz dilatational wave 5-30 mA;5 -10 mA (upper limb);10-30 mA (lower limbs and trunk) continuously throughout the procedure

PMID 30425466
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave - starting from 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia until the end of the surgery

PMID 29925916
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
SNM-FDC01 Ningbo Maida Medical Device, Inc., Ningbo, China 25 Hz - 2-10mA (at the maximum level tolerated by the subject) 1 h

PMID 30369370
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS - 2 Hz(Group A);2/100 Hz(Group B) - - 30 min

PMID 36858243
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-2B Shanghai Huayi Medical Instrument Co., LTD, China 2 Hz continuous wave 2 mA 30 min

PMID 28658163
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805 SMIF, Shanghai, China 2/15 Hz sparse-dense wave 1 mA After entering the operating room, continued until the end of surgery

PMID 28105066
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory, Suzhou, China 15 Hz continuous wave - 20 min

PMID 28818674
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
XS-998B Nanjing Xiaosong Medical Instrument Research Institute, Nanjing , China 20-100 HZ dense-disperse The intensity of stimulation was adjusted at strong but comfortable level as judged by the patients. 30 min

PMID 28092106
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 27437568
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/100 Hz sparse-dense wave at a maximum current tolerated but subnoxious to the patient. 30 min

PMID 32188223
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-2A Shanghai Huayi (G-6805 = 2A, Shanghai, China). 50 Hz dense and dispersed waveform a maximum intensity depending on the tolerance of the individual patient. electroacupuncture was applied at Hegu (LI 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) until the end of the active phase of labor (full dilation of the cervix).

PMID 27688791
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 60-90 times/min - - 30 min

PMID 28254101
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato 6-channel Needle Stimulator Hwato,Suzhou Medical Appliances Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China 50 Hz - 12 mA 1 h

PMID 25158837
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Model-05B Ching-Ming Medical Device Co., Taipei, Taiwan 100/10 Hz - - 20 min; After the acupuncture procedure was completed, the needles were removed before the patient recovered from general anesthesia.

PMID 25797640
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - continuous wave - Anesthesia administration was stopped at the end of the surgical suture (T0).

PMID 25689986
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20-30 min

PMID 26365445
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 26170873
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-100B Nanjing Jisheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2/10 Hz dense-disperse frequency 6-9 mA 30 min

PMID 25975045
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
120Z WLJ54, Shenzhen, China 10 Hz discontinuous wave 5 mA -

PMID 25926298
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS LH-202 Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave The intensity of stimulation was set at 4.89±2.15, 6.79±3.51, 7.04±3.35 and 5.61±2.13, respectively, according to the maximal tolerance of patients and maintained throughout the operation. tarting 30 min before anaesthesia induction, maintained throughout the operation and terminated at the end of surgery (removal of headstock).

PMID 26350110
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS-200A - 2/100 Hz;2 Hz; 100 Hz disperse-dense wave at the highest tolerable level that caused no discomfort to the participant. 30 min(before induction, 24 and 48 h after surgery), during the entire intraoperative period.

PMID 19369187
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
IC-4107 RDG Medical Ltd, Croydon, UK 10 Hz - the intensity was 7/10 on the intensity scale of the electroacupuncture unit. The acupuncture needles inserted after induction of anaesthesia. Stimulation was stopped and needles removed before the patient was transferred to the recovery room.

PMID 25661270
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - no more than 5 min.

PMID 26011261
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 25851423
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Pantheon stimulator 4/100 Hz alternating wave - All needles were removed at the conclusion of surgery.

PMID 36034956
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - since the start to the end of the 7 d after admission

PMID 25152761
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Trio 300 3-3-3 Toyotama-Minami, Nerima, Tokyo, Japan 100 Hz - 1-2 mA 20 min

PMID 25169910
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LH202H HANS Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave the level of maximum tolerance for each patient from the induction of anesthesia until the end of the operation

PMID 23188543
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2 Hz square wave - 30 min

PMID 25137842
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2/100 Hz density wave 5 mA lasted till the end of the surgery

PMID 24621826
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WQ1002K AERON Optoelectronic Technology Corp., Beijing, PRC 18 Hz(dense wave);3.85 Hz(sparse wave) sparse-dense wave gradually increased from zero to reach a strong but comfortable level throughout the operation

PMID 24621826
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WQ1002K AERON Optoelectronic Technology Corp., Beijing, PRC 18 Hz(dense wave);3.85 Hz(sparse wave) sparse-dense wave gradually increased from zero to reach a strong but comfortable level throughout the operation

PMID 24745865
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - The needles remained in place until they were removed at the end of the surgery

PMID 25047046
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - at least three times a day, each time at a minimum of four different points, each for about 30 seconds.

PMID 24576720
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-V Suzhou Medical Appliances Co. Ltd, Suzhou, China 2/10 Hz disperse-dense wave 6-9 mA 30 min

PMID 24865978
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-V Suzhou Medical Appliances Co. Ltd, Suzhou, China 2/10 Hz disperse-dense wave 6-9 mA. The optimal intensity was adjusted to maintain a slight twitching of the regional muscle according to individual maximum tolerance. 30 min

PMID 35647012
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - dense wave adjusted from small to large to the maximum tolerance intensity according to the slow tolerance of the patients 20 min

PMID 23865512
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 3 minutes per point, four times per day, and ended 7 days after surgery

PMID 24617242
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-2 - 2 Hz(group B);2/100 Hz(group C);100 Hz(group D);2/100 Hz(group E) continuous wave(group B);disperse-dense waves(group C);continuous wave(group D);disperse-dense waves(group E) 5 mA connected with the electric stimulation till the end of operation

PMID 23342207
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
the SDZ V Nerve and Muscle Stimulator Service4all, Saudi Arabia 2 HTZ intermittent wave 2-5 mA 30 min(before surgery);1-2 h(after surgery)

PMID 23315447
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LH202H HANS Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2/100 Hz dense-dispersed wave at the level ofmaximal tolerance of each patient from the induction of anaesthesia until the end of the operation

PMID 23546631
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Rebirth SAEIK Medical, Korea 5 Hz - - 15 min

PMID 24137250
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
LH202H Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2/100 Hz disperse-dense wave at the level ofmaximal tolerance of each patient EAS lasted from the induction of anesthesia until the end of surgery

PMID 23142625
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
ES-160 6-channel programmable electroacupuncture device ITO Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan 100 Hz - - 20 min

PMID 23573118
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 23665888
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 23270318
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20 min

PMID 36098938
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-V Suzhou Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China without actual electric stimuli(group G,group NG);2/100 Hz(group NTG) dense wave(group NTG) mild twitching of the surrounding muscle up to the maximum tolerated by the individual 30 minutes before anesthesia administration until the end of the surgery

PMID 24024321
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - Fifteen minutes before the operation,until the end of the operation

PMID 22580962
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 25 min

PMID 22580962
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 22712373
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 5-10 min

PMID 23072093
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 2 Hz;2/100 Hz - - 30 min electrical stimulation and the stimulation was lasted till the end of operation

PMID 22309902
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
WQ-IOD1 Beijing, China - disperse-dense wave 4 mA;10 mA received electro-acupuncture treatment during anesthesia.

PMID 22459647
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS LH-202 - 2/100 Hz alternating wave 10-15 mA 6 h

PMID 22843248
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 22330010
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 20-30 min

PMID 22732720
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS Beijing Huawei Co, Ltd., Beijing, China 2/100 Hz alternating wave 2 mA 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and lasted up to 24 hours postoperatively

PMID 33140206
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-2 Huayi Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., China 15 Hz continuous wave comfortable current intensity EA anesthesia was used throughout the operation

PMID 22611431
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
NeuroTrax TENS & AcuStim Verity Medical LTD, Hampshire, uk 2 Hz;10 Hz;20 Hz;40 Hz - 9-17 mA, produce the most intense tolerable electrical sensation without muscle contractions at a frequency of 2, 10, 20, or 40 Hz duration of 100 μs until the end of surgery

PMID 22295830
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- HANS LH202 2/100 Hz Dense-disperse wave 5-10 mA, 12-15 mA 20-30 min

PMID 21383391
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
EL502 NKL Laboratories, Brusque-SC, Brazil 3/15 Hz biphasic waveform individual maximum tolerance 30 min

PMID 21570137
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Shanghai High-Tech Medical Equipment Company, Shanghai, China 200 times/min,3-4 Hz - according to the tolerance of the patient 20-30 min. The acupuncture stimulation was suspended when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was started, and restarted as the CPB pump flow was down to 1.5 L/min. On sternal closure, the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation were again increased to avoid any patient discomfort. The acupuncture needles were removed when the operation was completed.

PMID 21809126
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-I - 4 Hz continuous wave as high as the patient could feel the vibration of electricity with no uncomfortable feeling 30 min

PMID 21346689
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - -

PMID 21169634
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - ≥ 20 min

PMID 21448381
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - - 30 min

PMID 33341226
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
ES-160 ITO Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan 50 Hz - - 15 min

PMID 22219414
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - 80 pulse/s and a pulse width of 250 µs an asymmetric square biphasic wave a strong but comfortable tingling sensation 30 min

PMID 20962656
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
HANS LY257 Healthronics, Singapore, Singapore 15 Hz continuous wave 10 mA 30 min

PMID 21570137
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- Shanghai High-Tech Medical Equipment Company, Shanghai, China 200 times/min,3-4 Hz - according to the tolerance of the patient 20-30 min. The acupuncture stimulation was suspended when cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was started, and restarted as the CPB pump flow was down to 1.5 L/min. On sternal closure, the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation were again increased to avoid any patient discomfort. The acupuncture needles were removed when the operation was completed.

PMID 22073889
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - - 1-3 mA 30 min

PMID 21385974
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
TOF-Watch® Organon Ltd., Dublin, Ireland 1 Hz in the ST group, every 15 seconds in the TOF group, every 20 seconds in the DBS group, 50 Hz for 5 seconds every 10 minutes in the tetanus group. square wave 50 mA Throughout anesthesia maintenance

PMID 20172127
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
Hwato SDZ-II Suzhou Medical Appliances Co. Ltd, Suzhou, China 5/30 Hz - 0.8-1.9 mA 30 min

PMID 20694777
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
G6805-II Industrial Co., Ltd. Qingdao Xinsheng 2/15 Hz Density wave 1-4 mA 30 min

PMID 20131040
Model Manufacturer Frequency Waveform Strength Induction Time
- - - the even method - 30 min


Auxiliary medication


PMID 36749304
Auxiliary Medication Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

PMID 34682857
Auxiliary Medication For ethical reasons, we allowed subjects to take analgesics if their menstrual pain was too severe to bear.

PMID 22380768
Auxiliary Medication Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, and rocuronium, maintained with a combination of inhaled sevoflurane in oxygen and intravenous anesthetic agents mentioned earlier. Methylprednisolone 30 mgkg-1 was administrated in bypass prime for all cases. All patients first received a basal anesthesia (ketamine 4-6 mgkg-1, im).

PMID 20615859
Auxiliary Medication Preoperative sedation was induced with pethidine 50 mg and diazepam 10 mg, each diluted by 10 ml of distilled water, applied in steps of 2 ml intravenously during surgery. The local anaesthesia was applied using a standard 20 ml solution with lidocaine 2% and marcaine 0.5% diluted in 40 ml of distilled water, infiltrated in skin, subcutaneous and muscle planes, according to the Lichtenstein step-by-step technique.

PMID 21290841
Auxiliary Medication Lidocaine

PMID 19681777
Auxiliary Medication Premedication was carried out with midazolam 7.5 mg orally on the day of surgery. General anaesthesia was induced with propofol (1-2 mg/kg i.v.), fentanyl (1 ug/kg i.v.), and atracurium (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), and was maintained by isoflurane 0.8-1.6% endtidal in nitrous oxide (60-70%) at the discretion of the anaesthesiologist not involved in the study. All patients received 0.1mg/kg morphine i.v. during surgery 30 min before the end of the operation. Analgetic therapy with morphine was continued in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU). A rescue therapy of 2 mg tropisetron was administered to any patient who experienced an episode of moderate or severe nausea, an episode of vomiting, or who requested rescue medication.

PMID 20209977
Auxiliary Medication 1% lidocaine (5 mL)

PMID 19709377
Auxiliary Medication Premedication was not used in any of the patients. A standard general anesthetic technique and monitoring were used in all patients. Parental presence was allowed during inhalational induction by mask with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen followed by incremental increase in inspired sevoflurane. The concentration of sevoflurane was increased gradually by 0.2% to 0.5% to achieve effective general anesthesia. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained, and the anesthetic depth was adjusted to each patient’s response to surgical stimulation. When simple comfort measures such as the presence of parents, physically holding the child, or offering oral fluids did not console the patient | oral acetaminophen 15 mg·kg-1 was administered. If the patient remained inconsolable, an additional dose of acetaminophen was given 30 min later.

PMID 19922244
Auxiliary Medication She was allergic to lidocaine, rifampin, pyrines, and diclofenac.

PMID 19127921
Auxiliary Medication Fentanyl

PMID 17959591
Auxiliary Medication 2.4 ml of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 0.4 ml of fentanyl (20 mg) was injected intrathecally over approximately 15s. In the case of insufficient cephalad spread of anaesthesia, incremental epidural supplements of lidocaine 1% were injected, starting with 5 ml. When necessary, additional 3 ml boluses were given no earlier than 5 min after the preceding top-up. Ephedrine i.v. in increments of 4 mg was given every 2 min to treat hypotension.

PMID 34622872
Auxiliary Medication Tramadol Hydrochloride Sustained Release Tablets (Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Company Limited, H19990062), 100 mg, and twice a day for 14 days.

PMID 19055289
Auxiliary Medication Atropine | Midazolam | Propofol | Fentanyl | Vecuronium | Bromide | Isoflurane | Remifentanil | Lornoxicam | Fentanyl citrate

PMID 18679598
Auxiliary Medication All patients received fentanyl 50 ug and midazolam 2 mg by intravenous injection before entering the operating room. The anesthesiologists and care providers were blinded to the study group. Induction of anesthesia was performed by rapid tracheal intubation with propofol 1.5-2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Isoflurane at 0.5%-1.5% and supplemental fentanyl, of up to 4 ug/kg per hour, were used to maintain anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and arterial blood pressure) were kept within 20% of baseline.

PMID 18476416
Auxiliary Medication The general anesthesia applied on them during operation was induced by combined midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium bromide

PMID 17224599
Auxiliary Medication ibuprofen (single-dose, 200-mg tablets) and tramadol (50-mg tablets)

PMID 17388767
Auxiliary Medication The anesthesiologist connected the patient to an alfentanil patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump (3 ug kg-1 bolus of alfentanil with a 5-minute lock- out interval). Patients were told to use the PCA pump when- ever they experienced pain and were asked to indicate any pain during the procedure if the self-administered alfentanil was not adequate. The anesthesiologist was instructed to give supplemental alfentanil boluses (3 ug kg-1) only if the patient complained of pain while the PCA pump was in a lockout period. Next, the anesthesiologist administered an intravenous dose of 20 ug kg-1 of midazolam, 10 ug kg-1 of alfentanil, and 10 mg of metoclopramide over 5 minutes to all study patients.

PMID 16820123
Auxiliary Medication Both study groups received a paracervical block of 10 ml lidocaine (5 mg/ml) lidocaine hydrochloride (Lidocain? | SAD, Amternes l?gemiddelregistreringskontor I/S, Denmark). Lidocaine was injected where the aspiration needle was intended to pass through the vaginal wall. The paracervical block was applied about 1?2 min after the electro-acupuncture procedure started. No premedication was administered to either group. If sufficient pain relief was not obtained by electro-acupuncture alone, patients were supplemented with i.v. alfentanil (0.25 mg) (Rapifen | Janssen-Cilag A/S, Birkerod, Denmark). After the procedure, patients were offered additional pain relief as required in the form of either Pamol (paracetamol | Nycomed, Roskilde, Denmark) or Diclon (Diclofenac | DuraScan Medical Products AS, Odense, Denmark) in tablet form.

PMID 16903604
Auxiliary Medication Floperidol | Fentanyl | Lidocaine

PMID 16613274
Auxiliary Medication Atropine | Sodium Phenobarbital | Bupivacaine

PMID 17081902
Auxiliary Medication Thereafter, topical eye anesthesia (lidocaine 4%) was applied, and patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups.

PMID 15937559
Auxiliary Medication Operations were conducted in the mornings and anesthesia was induced intravenously with propofol (1.5–2 mg kg−1) and continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.2 μg kg−1 min−1). Cis-atracurium (0.1 mg kg−1) was used to facilitate tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusions of propofol (4-8 mg kg−1 h−1) to prevent spontaneous movements during surgery and to ensure that heart rate and mean arterial pressure were within 20% of baseline values. Post-operative analgesia was provided on demand in the anesthesia recovery room using incremental boluses of weak opioid agonist piritramide 0.02 mg kg−1. They were encouraged to stimulate the needles for 5 min every time they experienced pain >40 mm (VAS-100) and to take oral ibuprofen only 10 min after, if pain persisted. Ibuprofen was titrated in single 200 mg doses at intervals of at least 1 h, to a maximum of 1000 mg, until the follow-up examination. If, after receiving the maximum dose, the patients still experienced pain with intensity VAS >40 mm, oral tramadol 50 mg at 1 h intervals, to a maximum of 200 mg, was allowed as rescue medication. The AA needles were withdrawn during the follow-up examination the next morning and the amount of ibuprofen and tramadol used (self-reported tablet count) was registered.

PMID 33488793
Auxiliary Medication The PCA pump bolus and the total consumption of opioids. The PCA consisted of 1.5 µg/kg sufentanil (cat. no. 81A09131 | Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), diluted to 150 ml with normal saline. The basal infusion rate was set to 2 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 0.5 ml and a lockout interval of 15 min.

PMID 15777857
Auxiliary Medication Thirty minutes before surgery the patients were given oral midazolam 0.05 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced intravenously with thiopental (4-5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1-2 ug/kg). Cis-atracurium (0.1 mg/kg) was used to facilitate trachea intubation. Lung ventilation was mechanically controlled to keep endtidal carbon dioxide at 4.5–5.3kPa throughout the surgery. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (0.8–1.0 vol% end-tidal concen- tration) in a 40% oxygen–air mixture. The fentanyl was titrated to prevent spontaneous movements during surgery and to ensure that the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were within 20% of baseline values. After surgery the patients were transferred to the anesthesia recovery room until they complained of pain. After the first request for pain medication the patients received the initial bolus of piritramide (opioid receptor agonist with analgesic potency of 0.7 compared with morphine) of 0.05mg/kg and the PCA pump with piritramide was connected to the patient. The ‘Vygon’ PCA-pumpw (Laboratories Pharmaceutiques Vygon, France) was set to deliver 2 mg piritramide with a 5-min lock-out period. If the patients still complained of pain on the first postoperative day with pain intensity >40 mm, additional doses of intravenous piritramide (3–5 mg) were administered by the orthopedic surgeon in-charge and registered at the study protocol. The PCA pump was left connected to the patient until the evening of the third postoperative day. PCA analgesia was discontinued on the second or third postoperative day if the patient reported pain intensity !40 mm (VAS-100) after a 3-h period without analgesic demand. If the patients complained of pain O40 mm (VAS-100) on the second postoperative day (36h after surgical procedure), oral analgesia was administered (ibuprofen 400–800 mg twice a day) and was also recorded.

PMID 15608039
Auxiliary Medication The study compared EA and a PCB (EA group) with conventional analgesia (i.v. alfentanil) and a PCB (CA group). The CA group was also offered pre-medication (0.5 mg oral flunitrazepam, 1 g rectal paracetamol).

PMID 15804591
Auxiliary Medication Thirty minutes before surgery 0.5ml of 0.1% Atropine Sulphate and Diazepam 7.5 mg were given intramuscularly as premedication. For the patients in group I, acupuncture stimulation was performed 10-15 min before the induction of conventional general anaesthesia using neuroleptanalgesia and endo- tracheal intubation. A total of 200-300 mg of 1% barbiturate solution was used for preliminary anaesthesia. Muscle relaxants of short- and long-term action were also used. When nasal intubation had been carried out, 0.5% halothane was given (with oxygen) and within 1.5-3 min, the percentage was increased to 3-4%. A total of 0.5-2% of inhaled volume of halothane was used to maintain anaesthesia.

PMID 15992223
Auxiliary Medication Thirty minutes prior to anesthesia, 0.5 mg kg-1 midazolam was administered in 0.3 mL kg-1 of coke with a view to mild sedation and amnesia. For the induction of anesthesia, 2-5% sevoflurane was given in 100% O2 via mask and intravenous vecuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 was given to facilitate nasotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in 66% N20-33% O2 and fentanyl in fractional doses of 1 ug kg-1. Postoperative pain was treated in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) with intravenous fentanyl 1 ug kg-1 in fractionated doses. 25 mg kg -1 rectal acetaminophen was administered in the DSCU. Ondansetron group: Following intubation, 0.15 mg.kg -1 ondansetron was diluted in 50 mL of physiologic saline and intravenous infusion was completed in 15 minutes.

PMID 16419716
Auxiliary Medication Iproprofen | Succinylcholine | Tetracaine | Isoflurane | Vancomatone

PMID 15385352
Auxiliary Medication All patients received fentanyl 100 ug IV and midazolam 2 mg IV premedication in the preoperative holding area before going into the operating room. Study drugs were prepared by the pharmacists not directly involved in the study and consisted of either ondansetron 4 mg (2 mL) or an equivalent volume of saline (for the A and P groups), and were administered to the subjects at induction of anesthesia. The intraoperative anesthetic regimen was standardized. Induction of anesthesia was achieved with propofol 1.5-2 mg/kg and tracheal tube placement was aided by succinylcholine 1 mg/kg or rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Isoflurane at 0.5%-1.5%, nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen, and supplemental fentanyl up to 4 g · kg-1 · h-1 were used to maintain anesthesia and hemodynamics (heart rate and arterial blood pressure) within 20% of baseline. Patients’ neuromuscular blockade was antagonized by neostigmine 0.07 mg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.01 ug/kg.

PMID 15609591
Auxiliary Medication Thiopental sodium | Succinylcholine | Vecuronium bromide | Fentanyl | Isoflurane | Propofol

PMID 12969098
Auxiliary Medication Surgery was then carried out under general intubation anaesthesia including propofol, fentanyl, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane according to established local clinical guidelines.

PMID 12859301
Auxiliary Medication After induction of anaesthesia by facemask with 6-8% of sevoflurane in 6 lmin -1 of oxygen, EA(n=23) or sham (n=23) procedures were started according to a randomization list, in pairs of 10. Anaesthesia was maintained by facemask with sevoflurane in an oxygen-air mixture containing 30-40% of oxygen during the approximately 30-min study period.

PMID 34271271
Auxiliary Medication All surgical procedures were performed under total intravenous anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propofol, and fentanyl, and continuous infusion of remifentanil and propofol was titrated to maintain a Narcotrend index of 40-60 and stable hemodynamics. After endotracheal extubation, the patients were transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Forty milligrams of parecoxib sodium was administered before the incision. Sufentanil was used for patient-controlled analgesia after surgery. Parecoxib sodium (40 mg) was administered as rescue analgesia for those whose NRS was higher than 4.

PMID 14714354
Auxiliary Medication Phenobarbital sodium | Pethidine | Scopolamine | Midazolam | Propofol | Fentanyl | Vecuronium bromide | Desflurane | Flupentixol

PMID 11754709
Auxiliary Medication Methadone-maintained patients continued to receive standard methadone maintenance, which included drug counseling.

PMID 12411789
Auxiliary Medication All patients underwent a standardized general anesthetic technique consisting of propofol for induction and sevoflurane in combination with remifentanil for maintenance of anesthesia. Perioperative opioid analgesics were also standardized in all patients. All patients received antiemetic prophylaxis with droperidol, 0.625 mg intravenously, after induction of anesthesia. On arrival in the postanesthesia care unit, the patients received either 4 mg intravenous ondansetron (ondansetron and combination groups) or an equal volume of intravenous saline (acustimulation group) from identical-appearing syringes.

PMID 11818760
Auxiliary Medication All patients received oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg to a maximum of 10 mg) 20 min before induction of anesthesia with halothane or sevoflurane in oxygen (30%) and nitrous oxide (70%) via mask. After intrave- nous cannulation, 0.2 mg/kg mivacurium, 0.1 mg/kg morphine sulfate, and at least 20 ml/kg lactated Ringer’s solution were administered. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen, 70% nitrous oxide, and isoflurane via an endotracheal tube. Awake tracheal extubation was performed after orogastric suction. Postoperative pain was treated with 0.05 mg/kg morphine, repeated as needed. Lactated Ringer’s solution was infused at a maintenance rate until oral clear liquids were accepted without vomiting. Thereafter, oral analgesics were administered as needed every 3 h (acet-aminophen with codeine, 1 mg/kg).

PMID 12216602
Auxiliary Medication All patients received an intravenous dose of alfentanil (10μg/kg) one minute before endotracheal intubation, following which a continuous infusion of alfentanil was started at a rate of 10μg/kg/hr and continued till closure of the muscle layer of the abdomen. Additional intermittent doses of alfentanil (2μg/kg) were administered if the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or heart rate (HR) had increased by more than 15% above baseline reading. If the SBP and/or HR remained elevated (i.e. more than 15% above baseline) in spite of two consecutive boluses of alfentanil (2μg/kg), the baseline infusion of alfentanil was increased at an increment of 5μg/kg/hr. Intravenous morphine (0.1mg/kg) was given as a bolus dose to all patients immediately after the termination of alfentanil infusion, followed by i.v. 4mg of ondansetron. Patients’ pain was managed in the recovery room by intermittent i.v. morphine 1-2mg every 5 minutes until the pain intensity became tolerable (i.e. VAS ≤3), after which the patients used the PCA device to titrate the morphine administration to meet individual analgesic needs.

PMID 12406527
Auxiliary Medication After removal of the needles, anesthesia was induced with i.v. thiopental 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg for tracheal intubation. Isoflurane in nitrous oxide 60% with oxygen 40% and an intermittent dose of atracurium were used for anesthesia maintenance without the use of opioids. Following surgery, all patients were transported to the recovery room. The time interval of the patient’s first request for pain medication was recorded (either pethidine 1 mg/kg i.m. during the first hour, which was restricted to a single dose, or as recorded by PCA when no request was made during the first hour). At 1 h postoperation, the PCA system was connected to the patient. The PCA device was programmed to intravenously deliver 2 mg morphine as ‘on demand’ doses with a minimum lockout interval of 10 min during the following 23 h.

PMID 11576093
Auxiliary Medication Induction with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen was performed in the presence of the parents | an intravenous cannula was inserted after induction | intravenous atracurium 0.5 mg.kg-1 was given to facilitate nasotracheal intubation | intravenous atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1 | anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and fentanyl in fractional doses of 1-2 ug.kg-1, the concentration of halothane being adjusted to maintain blood pressure and heart rate within 15% of baseline values. Residual neuromuscular block was reversed with intra- venous atropine 0.02 mg.kg -1 and neostigmine 0.06 mg.kg -1. At the end of surgery, all children received rectal paracetamol in a dose of 25 mg.kg-1 up to a maximum dose of 750 mg. Ondansetron group: These patients were given intravenous ondansetron 0.15 mg.kg -1, to a maximum dose of 8 mg, in normal saline 50 ml as an infusion over 20 min.

PMID 11506105
Auxiliary Medication Subarachnoid placement was excluded by injection of 3 ml of 2% lidocaine, and correct catheter position was tested by injection of 7-10 ml of 1% lidocaine. We next determined the area of analgesia by administering an additional 7 ml of 1% lidocaine. Patients were premedicated with 0.01–0.02 mg/kg oral diazepam and 75 mg oral roxatidine (an H2 blocker) 90 min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with 1-2 ug/kg fentanyl, 5 mg/kg thiopental, and 0.08 mg/kg vecuronium. We maintained anesthesia with 0.15 mg/kg droperidol, 10-20 ug/kg fentanyl, and vecuronium. Epidural anesthesia was not used intraoperatively. Lactated Ringer’s solution (8-10 ml · kg-1 · h-1) was administered per the judgment of the attending anes- thesiologist.

PMID 33495134
Auxiliary Medication Patients received general anesthesia intravenously, as determined by the chief anesthesiologist. Postoperative analgesia measures included an intravenous analgesic pump that dispensed 250 mg sufentanil in 250 mL saline. If the VAS score was ≥ 4 points, 50 mg flubiprofen (intravenously guttae) was given. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was also recorded.

PMID 11226090
Auxiliary Medication Midazolam 20-30 ug/kg IV was administered for premedication, and anesthesia was induced with fen- tanyl 1-3 ug/kg IV and propofol, 1.5-2.5 mg/kg IV. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of isoflurane 0.6%-1.8% (inspired concentration) in combination with nitrous oxide 50%-70% in oxygen. Supplemental bolus doses of fentanyl 0.5 ug/kg IV were administered, if needed, to treat persistent tachycardia caused by inadequate intraoperative analgesia. An oral gastric tube was inserted after tracheal intubation and removed at the end of surgery. Residual neuromuscular blockade was antagonized with neostigmine 40-60 ug/kg IV and glycopyrrolate 6-12 ug/kg IV. No pro-phylactic antiemetic medication was administered during the perioperative period.

PMID 12575601
Auxiliary Medication Fluphenazine | Fentanyl | Lidocaine

PMID 10527973
Auxiliary Medication The alfentanil group received 0.25-0.5 mg alfentanil and 0.25 mg atropine (Atropin NM Pharma | NM Pharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden) i.v. directly before oocyte aspiration and placement of the PCB. Both groups received PCB, and it was supplied using 10 ml of lidocaine (5 mg/ml at the IVF Center in Falun and 10 mg/ml at both the IVF Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and the Fertility Centre Scandinavia, Göteborg) before oocyte aspiration was begun.

PMID 10326816
Auxiliary Medication All patients were given the same local anesthetic of 3% mepivacaine hydrochloride (Carbocaine) without any vasoconstrictor. If a patient indicated no pain relief 30 minutes after the treatment, or if the intensity of pain increased, a standard analgesic medication(acetaminophen,600mg, with codeine, 60 mg) was administered at the patient's request.

PMID 10594420
Auxiliary Medication Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2-3 mg.kg-1 and fentanyl 1 ug.kg-1 and maintained by breathing a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (40 : 60%) with isoflurane through a laryngeal mask airway.

PMID 9244025
Auxiliary Medication Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg.kg-1 and maintained with nitrous oxide (66%) in oxygen and isoflurane 1%. Muscle relaxation was provided by atracurium 0.3 mg.kg-1 and intermittent positive pressure ventilation of the lungs was provided via a laryngeal mask airway. Following induction and the application of acupuncture in the test group, morphine 0.15 mg.kg-1 was given intramuscularly and diclofenac 100 mg per rectum. Residual neuromuscular blockade was antagonised in all patients with neostigmine 2.5 mg and glycopyrrolate 0.5 mg. Intramuscular morphine was prescribed for postoperative pain and intravenous ondansetron for postoperative nausea or vomiting.

PMID 9387365
Auxiliary Medication Diazepam | Procaine | Fentanyl

PMID 31915045
Auxiliary Medication Anesthesia was induced intravenously (i.v.) with propofol and remifentanil using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) system. After loss of consciousness, vecuronium (0.1 mg·kg− 1) was administered i.v., and patients were orotracheally intubated 5 min later.

PMID 9387364
Auxiliary Medication Haloperidol | Fentanyl | Lidocaine | Epinephrine

PMID 8706266
Auxiliary Medication The patients were given pethidine, rotundine, metoclopramide intramuscularly 15-25 min before operation.

PMID 8280549
Auxiliary Medication All patients were premedicated with oral diazepam 0.2 mg kg-1 2 h before anaesthesia. Pethidine 1.5 mg kg-1 i.v. was given and anaesthesia induced with propofol 1.2-1.5 mg kg-1 i.v. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by administration of vecuronium 0.1 mg kg-1. Ventilation was controlled manually and anaesthesia maintained with 66 % nitrous oxide in oxygen, continous infusion of propofol 4-8 mg kg-1 h-1 | pethidine 0.5 mg kg-1 was given before skin incision and thereafter as required, at the discretion of the anaesthetist.

PMID 1288930
Auxiliary Medication Phenobarbital sodium | Procaine

PMID 1544195
Auxiliary Medication No premedication was given. All patients received intravenous thiopentone 5 mg. kg-1, atropine 0.02 mg. kg-1 and succinylcholine 1.5 mg. kg-1. Patients in Groups D and AD also received intravenous droperidol 0.075 mg. kg-1. Estimated fluid deficit and maintenance requirements were replaced with intravenous Ringer's lactate solution. Intramuscular dimenhydrinate 1.0 mg. kg-1 was available if the incidence of vomiting exceeded three episodes during any one hour. Rectal acetaminophen 10 mg. kg-1 orintramuscularcodeinephosphate 1.0mg. kg-1 was available after surgery as required for pain.

PMID 2052392
Auxiliary Medication No sedatives were used pre- or post- operatively. The local anesthetic used, lidocaine with epinephrine (20 mg + 12.5 ug/ml), was given initially in the amount of 3.6 ml/patient using standard procedures.

PMID 1768550
Auxiliary Medication No premedication was given. Anaesthesia was induced with i.v. thiopentone 5 mg kg-1,atropine 0.02 mg kg-1,and suxamethonium 1.5 mg kg-1. Manual inflation of the lungs (taking care not to inflate the stomach) was followcd by tracheal intubation and spontaneous ventilation with 66% nitrous oxide and 1.5-2.0% isoflurane in oxygen. I.m. codeine 1.5 mg kg-1 was administered to all patients at the end of surgery. Estimated fluid deficit and maintenance requirements were replaced with i.v. Ringer's lactate solution. After operation, i.m. dimenhydrinate 1.0 mg kg-1 was available if the incidence of vomiting exceeded three episodes during any 1-h period. Further i.m. codeine 1.0 mg kg-1 or oral paracetamol 10 mg kg-1 was available on the ward as required for pain.

PMID 2382806
Auxiliary Medication Pethidine 30 mg was given intravenously 15 minutes after the start of stimulation. Further small doses of pethidine together with a small dose of chlorpromazine were given intravenously if the arterial blood pressure and/or heart rate increased by more than 25% during surgery | in some cases procaine was infiltrated into the wound. The dose of pethidine did not exceed 1 mg/kg.

PMID 32062864
Auxiliary Medication After 30 minutes of TEAS or sham‐TEAS, intravenous induction was started with 0.3–0.5 μg/kg sufentanil, 2 mg/kg propofol, and 0.6–1 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. Propofol and sufentanil were infused continuously, while rocuronium bromide was administered intermittently for anesthetic maintenance. Target‐controlled infusion of propofol was performed and the infusion rate of propofol was adjusted based on the BIS (score 40–60). For the target‐controlled infusion of sufentanil, the infusion rate was adjusted based on hemodynamic parameters. At 30 minutes before the end of the procedure, 10 μg sufentanil was administered for analgesia transition. A patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump was connected (sufentanil 1.5 μg/mL, priming volume: 0, PCIA dose: 3 mL, background dose: 2 mL/h, interval: 15 minutes, and duration: two days).

PMID 1978503
Auxiliary Medication DPA was deer mark powder, 4.0g.

PMID 2125869
Auxiliary Medication Adjuvant drugs used were half-dosage Innovar and 0.1% lidocaine for scalp infiltration.

PMID 1978503
Auxiliary Medication DPA was administered orally to 18 patients 30 minutes before AA. When the analgesic effect of AA was insufficient, a local anesthetic, Xylocaine, was infiltrated around the tooth to be extracted.

PMID 2125872
Auxiliary Medication Small dose of fentanyl (less than 3 micrograms/kg), droperidol (less than 0.1 mg/kg) which were obviously synergistic with acupuncture.

PMID 2784684
Auxiliary Medication All patients were premedicated with apozepam 0.2 mg kg-1 by mouth 2 h before surgery. When the patient arrived in the theatre holding area, standard monitoring devices were applied. The acupuncture loci were identifed and marked in all patients. An i.v. infusion of 0.9 % sodium chloride was begun. Following administration of pethidine 1 mg kg-1 i.V., sleep was induced with thiopentone 4 6 mg kg-1 and tracheal intubation was facilitated by administration of atracurium. Ventilation was controlled manually and anaesthesia was maintained with 70 % nitrous Oxide in oxygen supplemented with increments of pethidine and thiopentone at the discretion of the nurse- anaesthetist. All operations utilized lower abdominal in- cisions and all patients received sodium ch loride 1-2 litre | blood loss exceeding 500 ml Was replaced with whole blood.

PMID 6310920
Auxiliary Medication In no case was any pre-anaesthesia given. Six patients (4 males -including the patient with Addison's disease- and 2 females - Group A) received an iv bolus of 200 mg hydrocortisone at time -30 min | the others (Group B) received an iv bolus of normal saline. During surgery, all patients received 70% NO2, 30% O2 and common curare agents. In our studies, of which only some results are reported in the present paper, EA is given as a supportive analgesic tool to NO2. Under normal circumstances, the latter alone is unable to achieve and maintain surgical anaesthesia (Collins 1976) and is commonly used in association with other anaesthetics.

PMID 6606153
Auxiliary Medication One hour prior to surgery diazepam 0.15 mg/kg was given orally and atropine 0.6 mg intramuscularly. Routine induction with thiopentone, suxamethonium and intubation was followed by fluothane 0.5% and nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia in all cases. During the operation only a short acting opiate, fentanyl 50 ug, was given intravenously as deemed necessary by the anaesthetist. Subsequently, patients were prescribed 0.15 mg/kg of morphine and 10 mg metoclopramide intramuscularly 4 hourly on demand.

PMID 32472663
Auxiliary Medication For anesthesia, 100 mg of 2% lidocaine and 10 mg of 0.5% ropivacaine were used. As a routine for all patients, 5 mg of tropisetron was given during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting | whereas 5 mg of pethidine was given 30 min after surgery to relieve incision pain. An epidural patient-controlled analgesic (100mL of 0.1% ropivacaine plus 2 μg/mL dex- medetomidine) was given according to the patient’s willingness.

PMID 311153
Auxiliary Medication Ninety minutes before the expected time to begin anesthesia, 1.5-2 mg/kg pentobarbital,0.1-0.2 mg/kg morphine sulfate and, depending on the hemodynamic situation of the patient, 0.005-0.01 mg/kg atropine sulfate were injected intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced after blood pressure cuff and ECG-electrodes had been secured to the patient, with 2-4 mg/kg thiopental and, more recently, with flunitrazepam (0.02-0.03 mg/kg). After precurarization with 1-2 mg pancuronium bromide, succinylcholine chloride (1-2 mg/kg) was given to facilitate tracheal intubation. After the succinylcholine effect had worn off, the patient was then paralyzed with 0.05-0.75 mg/kg pancuronium bromide | ventilation was controlled with a 50% nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture by means of an Engstroem volume controlled ventilator which was adjusted to keep arterial PaCO?with in normal range. 0.4-0.6 volume percent enflurane was added to the inspiratory gases.

PMID 66867
Auxiliary Medication The only premedication used was Diazepam (20 mg) orally at the onset of labor pain to eliminate the anxiety.

PMID 945954
Auxiliary Medication When the nasal bones were to be fractured, the patient reported being quite uncomfortable, and 1 ml of 1%lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was injected on each side.

PMID 945954
Auxiliary Medication When the skin was incised, these patients complained of pain, and soon after the beginning of the procedure requested local anesthesia.

PMID 945954
Auxiliary Medication None of the patients received any form of premedication. The acupuncture was terminated and a local anesthetic was infltrated.

PMID 945954
Auxiliary Medication Because she complained of some discomfort upon incision through the right nipple, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was injected into each nipple. No other local anesthetic or analgesic agents were used.

PMID 32378261
Auxiliary Medication Laxatives used as a rescue therapy were recorded.

PMID 4843160
Auxiliary Medication Shortly before operation the patient received 100 mg of phenobarbital and during the operation an intravenous infusion containing 50 mg of meperidine (Demerol@) was given. At the end of the 15 minute induction period the site of the median sternotomy incision was infiltrated with dilute epinephrine in saline solution to facilitate hemostasis, and lidocaine (Xylocaine@) was injected into the sternal notch above the manubrium and at the xiphoid cartilage.

PMID 4774365
Auxiliary Medication 1% xylocaine was used when deep fascia was manipulated, because of pain. Then it was discovered that the leads to the stimulator from the locus Li-3 were disconnected.

PMID 4774365
Auxiliary Medication Patient 1 This was alleviated after the local injection of a small amount of 1% xylocaine.

PMID 4774348
Auxiliary Medication On the day of the operation, the patient was given orally a mild sedation of Nembutal gr. 34 at 8 a.m. and Demerol 50 mg(H) at noon, half an hour before surgery. No local infiltration of anesthetic, saline or topical anesthesia was used. The wound was left open without suture.

PMID 4774348
Auxiliary Medication In the morning of the operation, she was given pre-operative medication consisting of Nembutalgr. 34 orally at 6:30 a.m. and Demerol 50 mg(H) at 7 a.m.

PMID 5067773
Auxiliary Medication On the day of the operation, he was given 2 ml of fenta- nyl citrate and droperidol (Innovar), and 0.4 mg of atropine intramuscularly one hour before surgery (routine premedication for tonsillectomy in our hospital). No topical or local infiltration of an anesthetic agent was used.

PMID 33154688
Auxiliary Medication Intramuscular midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) as a premedication was given to patients 60 min before transfer to the operating room. The induction of general anesthesia were propofol (2.0 mg/kg), sufentanil (0.3 μg/kg), and cisatracurium (0.15 mg/kg). Intraoperative anesthetics administration was as follows: continuous propofol infusion at 4‒8 mg/kg/h and a separate 0.15‒0.20 μg/kg/min remifentanil infusion for maintaining sedation and analgesia | and inhalation of sevoflurane (0.6‒2%) to keep a minimum alveolar concentration of ≥ 0.7. Ramosetron (0.3 mg) was given prophylactically, and ketorolac tromethamine 45 mg was given at 30 min before the end of surgery to alleviate postoperative pain. Before chest wall closure, 0.1% ropivacaine solution (7 mL each) was delivered under thoracoscopic guidance at the proximal side of the fourth, fifth, and sixth intercostal nerves. After the surgery, the patients were transferred to the postanesthesia care unit until complete recovery of consciousness and then transferred to a single occupant room. A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) system was attached after surgery (4 mg butorphanol and 2 g propacetamol in 100 mL saline, every pump press resulting in a 2 mL infusion, with a 15-min lockout interval).

PMID 36322060
Auxiliary Medication ERAS protocol (the preventive use of antibiotics, perioperative multimodal analgesia, avoidance of opioid use, early removal of urinary catheter and nasogastric tubes, early mobilization, nutritional support, and others).

PMID 32539426
Auxiliary Medication The patients received local anesthesia (LA) at the exci- sion sites and intermittent intravenous anxiolytics and analgesics, with the dosage adjusted and titrated by an anesthetist, taking account of patient-reported pain, anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID 33415861
Auxiliary Medication Dexmedetomidine,Fentanyl,Propofol

PMID 29391879
Auxiliary Medication 0.1 g phenobarbital sodium (Tianjin Kingyork Group, approval no. NMPN H12020381) and 0.5 mg atropine (Jiangsu Lianshui Pharmaceutical, approval no. NMPN H32020166) were injected intramuscularly 30 min before the anesthesia, and arterial blood gas and blood pressure were monitored. Only general anesthesia was used in the control group. After mask oxygen inhalation, midazolam (Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical, approval no. NMPN H20067040) at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, fentanyl (Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceutical, approval no. NMPN H42022076) at a dose of 4 µg/kg, vecuronium bromide (Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical, approval no. NMPN H20113296) at a dose of 0.12 mg/kg, and propofol (Xi'an Libang Pharmaceutical, approval no. NMPN H20010368) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg were injected intravenously. Trachea intubation was executed after the muscles were relaxed, and then it was connected to an all-round anesthetic machine (Drager, Lübeck, Germany) for intermittent positive pressure ventilation: tidal volume, 8–10 m/kg | respiratory rate, 12 breaths/min: partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), 30–40 mmHg. Intermittent bolus injection of 2 µg/kg/h fentanyl and 4 mg/kg/h propofol were performed and 0.1 mg/kg/h vecuronium bromide was pumped into vein to maintain the anesthesia.

PMID 29773696
Auxiliary Medication UC included drug therapy, physiotherapy and an educational programme on management of LBP, and excluded such Korean medicine treatments as acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping.

PMID 30356057
Auxiliary Medication Opioids and propofol were administered by Target Controlled Infusion (TCI | Fresenius-Kabi Orchestra® Base Primea syringe pumps, Fresenius Kabi Group, Bad Homburg, Germany). The target effect-site concentrations for the induction (maintenance) of anaesthesia were 0.2–0.4 (0.12–0.22) ng/ml sufentanyl and 3.0 to 9.0 (3.0–4.0) µg/ml propofol. All patients received metamizol 2.5 g intra-venous (i.v.)-infusions during the last 30 minutes of the surgery to prevent post-operative pain, dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. (after induction) to prevent PONV and ranitidine 50 mg i.v. (after induction) for prevention of gastric stress ulcer. Post-operative pain therapy included metamizol (4*1.25 g/day, 6 hours interval) on demand.

PMID 30381011
Auxiliary Medication Anesthesia induction was initiated by experienced anesthesiologists with 0.1 mg/kg midazolam, 4 μg/kg fentanyl, 0.4 mg/kg etomidate, and 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium.

PMID 30425466
Auxiliary Medication The patients were induced using 0.1–2 mg/kg sufentanil, 0.05–0.2 mg/kg midazolam, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, and 0.2 mg/kg cisatracurium. A reinforced catheter was inserted after 2 minutes of cisatracurium administration. In group C, electrodes were placed on the same acupoints before anesthesia induction, but no current was given. Propofol 4–6 mg/kg/h and remifentanil 0.1–0.3 mg/kg/min were intravenously (iv) infused and cisatracurium 0.05 mg/kg was administrated as intermittent iv boluses.

PMID 30369370
Auxiliary Medication For intravenous combined general anesthesia, provide intravenous infusion of 1-2 mg/Kg propofol during general anesthesia which was intraoperatively maintained at 3-6 mg/Kg/h, intravenous infusion of 5 ug/Kg fentanyI which was intraoperatively maintained at 2-5 ug/Kg/hour, intravenous infusion of 0.05 mg/Kg midazolam, 0.1 mg/Kg vecuronium bromide which was maintained intraoperatively at 0.05 mg/Kg/h. The speed was maintained at the level set by the infusion pump until the surgery ends.

PMID 28658163
Auxiliary Medication The patients were induced using 0.1 to 2 μg/kg sulfentanil, 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg midazolam, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate, and 0.6 mg/kg cisatracurium. A reinforced catheter was inserted after 2 minutes of cisatracurium administration. The entire course of anesthesia was maintained using propofol 4 to 6 mg/(kgh) and remifentanil 0.1 to 0.3 μg/(kgmin), which sustained the changing of BP and HR within 20% of the initial levels and the BIS value range from 40 to 60.

PMID 28105066
Auxiliary Medication Potassium Chloride Injection

PMID 28818674
Auxiliary Medication General anaesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg i.v., propofol2-3 mg/kg i.v., sufentanil 0.2-0.4μg/kg i.v., vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg i.v., and lidocaine 1 mg/kg i.v. After induction, dexamethasone 5 mg i.v. was administered. Anaesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of propofol, sufentanil and vecuronium. At the end of surgery, Parecoxib 40 mg i.v. was given for postoperative analgesia. Tropisetron 5 mg was administered i.v. at the end of skin closure for prophylaxis of PONV. Neostigmine 0-5 mg and atropine 0-2.5 mg were used to reverse the residual muscle relaxant effects.

PMID 27437568
Auxiliary Medication No premedication was administered. During the operation, standardized mon- itoring and bispectral index were applied. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.5 to 1.0 ug/kg, and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was administered to provide neuromuscular blockade for tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with adjusted propofol and remifentanil infusion to maintain the bispectral index 40 to 50. Propofol and remifentanil infusion were continued until skin suturing was completed. To evaluate the anesthetic consumption, opioids were converted to morphine using the following equivalencies: 0.01 mg of sufentanil = 0.1 mg of remifentanil = 10 mg of morphine. No local anesthetic was used before skin incision or after conclusion of the procedure. According to our clinical routine postoperative analgesia scheme, all patients received intravenous flurbiprofenaxetil 50 mg at the end of surgery, and intravenous flurbiprofenaxetil 50 mg was supplemented if the analgesia was inadequate (VAS ≥ 4) or if patients required analgesics within 48 hours. All patients were also given tropisetron 5 mg at the end of surgery, and additional 5 mg was given intravenously as rescue, if vomiting occurred or if persistent nausea was reported for 2 hours.

PMID 32188223
Auxiliary Medication Sufentanil, Ropivacaine

PMID 28254101
Auxiliary Medication Prior to the incision, local anesthesia with lignocaine was used only to infiltrate the skin (lignocaine 2 mg/kg). No general anesthesia was Used throughout the surgery.

PMID 25158837
Auxiliary Medication All the patients in this study received standardized general anesthesia with propofol (2 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2 μg/kg). Orotracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium (0.15 mg/kg). Subsequent doses of 0.5 to 1 μg/kg fentanyl were added when necessary, except during the last 30 minutes of surgery.

PMID 25797640
Auxiliary Medication Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1 mg/kg, thiopental 5 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg i.v. and maintained with sevo urane and remifentanyl (i.v.) in order to maintain a BIS value < 40. Mechanical ventilation was maintained with a tidal volume of 6–8 mL/kg and a respiratory rate to maintain 30–35 mmHg end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2). Before the end of surgery ketorolac 30 mg (i.v.) (or paracetamol 1 g (i.v.) in patients allergic to nonsteroidal anti-in ammatory drugs), tramadole 100 mg (i.v.), ranitidine 50 mg (i.v.), and metoclopramide 10 mg (i.v.) were admin- istered and residual neuromuscular block was reversed with neostigmine 2 mg (i.v.) and atropine 1 mg (i.v.).

PMID 37730266
Auxiliary Medication Patients of the initial scheme group combined with Lidocaine and ropivacaine epidural anesthesia and propofol intravenous anesthesia. Patients of the improved scheme group combined with ropivacaine paravertevinal block and lidocaine and remifentanil intravenous anesthesia.

PMID 25689986
Auxiliary Medication Patients were using either insulin (n=11), oral hypoglycaemic agents (n=7), oral hypoglycaemic agents plus insulin (n=2) or diet alone (n=1) to manage their diabetes.

PMID 26170873
Auxiliary Medication All patients were fasted for at least 8 h and premedicated with IV midazolam 0.05 mg/kg 30 min before anesthesia induction. General anesthesia was induced with IV sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg and propofol 2.0 mg/kg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg. Anesthesia maintenance was achieved with sevoflurane 2%-3% according to both hemodynamic parameters and bispectral index (BIS) of 40–60. All patients received IV tropisetron 5 mg 30 min before the end of surgery. Neuromuscular blockade was antagonized using neostigmine 0.02 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg.

PMID 25975045
Auxiliary Medication Regular medication for the diabetes

PMID 25926298
Auxiliary Medication Anaesthesia was induced by intravenous infusion of propofol (1% Diprivan) and sufentanil (0.2 mg/mL) to maintain their target plasma concentrations at 5 μg/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. Sufentanil was administered as target-controlled infusion using the pharmacokinetic model of Bovill et al. After loss of consciousness, target plasma concentrations of propofol and sufentanil were each subsequently reduced to 3.2 μg/mL and 0.3 ng/mL. Vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg was given intravenously to facilitate tracheal intubation and muscle relaxation. Mechanical ventila- tion with a 40% oxygen/air mixture was applied with the tidal volume of 10 mL/kg, respiratory frequency of 12 times/min and gas flow of 1 L/min set. The dose of propofol was stable during the operation for anaesthetic maintenance and sufentanil concentration was adjusted to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and BIS in the basic range of +10% to -20%. Vecuronium bromide of 0.05 mg/kg was injected intravenously and intermittently to retain muscle relaxation (T4/T1<25%) according to the results of muscle relaxation (train of four stimulation). Local infiltration anaesthesia of the incision was obtained by 0.5% ropivacaine. After the operation, analgesic compound liquid, consisting of 50 mL of normal saline and 100 μg of sufentanil, 1 mL/h was given through a sustaining pump with a single injecting volume of 0.5 mL and locking time of 10 min.

PMID 26350110
Auxiliary Medication After 30 min of TEAS or placebo-TEAS, intravenous induction was started with 1.5-2 mg/ kg propofol, 0.2-0.4 μg/kg sufentanil, and 0.2 mg/kg cisatracurium. Anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of cisatracurium (0.06 mg kg-1 h-1) and target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil. The bi-spectrum index was maintained within the range 40-60 by adjusting the propofol concentration, and ANI was maintained within the range 50-70 by adjusting the remifentanil concentration, according to the Marsh and Minto models, respectively. If the remifentanil target controlled infusion concentration reached 6 ng/mL but the ANI was still below 50, sufentanil (0.1 μg/kg) was administered. Sufentanil (0.1 μg/kg), urbiprofen (100 mg), and tropisetron (5 mg) were administered 30 min before the end of surgery for analgesia transition and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). A patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump was connected (1 μg/mL sufentanil and 1.2 mg/mL urbiprofen | ow rate, 2 mL/h | bolus, 3 mL | lockout time, 15 min). On skin closure, administration of all anesthetics was stopped, and the surgeon administered intercostal nerve block with 0.5 % ropivacaine, 10 ml, after which the patient was transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). After spontaneous breath recovery, the patient was given muscle relaxant reversal, neostigmine 2 mg, and atropine 1 mg, extubated when the required criteria were achieved, and discharged from the PACU after the modi ed Aldrete discharge criteria were achieved.

PMID 19369187
Auxiliary Medication Diazepam 5-10 mg was given orally 1 h before operation according to the weight of the patient (5 mg for patients below 60 kg and 10 mg for patients above 60 kg). Propofol was the induction agent, and a standard dose of droperidol 1 mg was given to all patients as a baseline antiemetic. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by using atracurium, or another muscle relaxant (vecuronium, rocuronium or cisatracurium), in dosage according to the body weight. Anaesthesia was maintained by nitrous oxide 50-60%, oxygen 40-50% and isoflurane 1-2%. At the end of the operation, muscle relaxation was reversed using a suitable dose of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate. Intravenous morphine was given intraoperatively just before skin incision, 100 mg/kg body weight. During the first 24 h of postoperative care, all patients received morphine sulphate via the PCA route. The concentration of morphine in the PCA pump was 1 mg/ml | the lock-out time was 5 minutes. Any medication which the patient was taking prior to surgery was recommenced as soon as was practicable, in line with the individual treatment regime.

PMID 25661270
Auxiliary Medication All patients received general anesthesia using standard and uniform anesthetic technique including routine perioperative administration of dexamethasone in accordance with the 2011 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) practice guidelines. Intra-operative analgesia included i.v. fentanyl 2 lg kg -1 and i.v. paracetamol 15 mg kg -1. Initial post-operative pain control included i.v. pethidine 0.1 mg kg 1 in postanesthetic recovery unit. According to standard operating procedure in the pediatric depart- ment, every child was treated with oral paracetamol using a standard dosage regime of 10 mg kg -1 per dose by request every 4-6 h and not more than five doses in 24 h, and not continuously for more than 3 days postoperatively. Oral analgesia by request and not at regular intervals is the accepted postoperative analgesic treatment protocol in our institute. In addition, oral ibuprofen 10 mg kg -1 per dose was given on request only, no more than three doses in 24 h, in cases in which oral paracetamol was not sufficient for pain control.

PMID 25851423
Auxiliary Medication The perioperative protocol included a standard oral pre-medication of 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation induction with sevofluorane and nitrous oxide. The patients were orotracheally intubated after intravenous administration of 2 to 4 mg/kg of propofol, 3 mcg/kg of hydro- morphone, and 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone. Additional hydro-morphone was administered as needed and titrated to a respiratory rate of >20 in the operating room. In the PACU, opioids were administered per protocol: fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg for mild pain | hydromorphone 1 mcg/kg for moderate or severe pain. To convert fentanyl units to hydromorphone units, micrograms of fentanyl were multiplied by a conversion factor of 5 to yield micrograms of hydromorphone. Postoperatively, the patients were discharged home on a protocol of alternating acet- aminophen and ibuprofen. No postoperative opioids were pre- scribed for use at home.

PMID 36034956
Auxiliary Medication 48 hours before surgery: 200 mg celecoxib capsules were taken orally, once every 12 hours, and physical analgesia therapy such as relaxation therapy was informed | night 20 : 00, take a comfortable lying position, close the eyes, focus on the body, relax, and contract head-trunk-upper extremity-buttocks-lower extremity-feet successively. After the muscles of the whole body are completely relaxed, imagine a beautiful, calm, natural scene, feel happy time with your family, have hope for the future, and achieve the purpose of relaxation. Or music therapy, according to the patient's personal characteristics and personality, provide personalized music repertoire, extroverts, soft, and soothing music, and introvert, mainly to positive music. The volume should be tolerated by patients.

PMID 25152761
Auxiliary Medication When the pain score exceeded 3 points, this immediately prompted one administration of alfentanil (3 mug/kg).

PMID 25169910
Auxiliary Medication Following pre-oxygenation, anesthesia was induced in both groups with an IV infusion of sufentanil 0.3 g/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. A tracheal intubation was facilitated with IV vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. General anesthesia was initially maintained with sevoflurane, 2% in oxygen at 2L/min. At the end of the operation, sevoflurane was discontinued and the intravenous PCIA pump was connected. The PCIA device was programmed and contained 10 g/kg fentanyl and 8 mg ondansetron with normal saline for a total of 100 mL without basal infusion. Supplemental bolus doses of 1 mL could be administered with a minimal lockout interval of 15 min and a maximum hourly dose of 4 mL if the patient was unable to achieve adequate pain relief from the PCIA device.

PMID 23188543
Auxiliary Medication Standardized postoperative care plan, which includes nursing orders, activity orders, DVT prophylaxis, antiemetics, analgesics, patient-controlled analgesia, dietary instructions, and discharge planning.

PMID 25137842
Auxiliary Medication Remifentanil

PMID 24621826
Auxiliary Medication The patients in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA were induced with etomidate and sufentanil and maintained with intravenous infusion of etomidate and remifentanil. Group PRO was induced with propofol and sufentanil and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. Premedication in all 4 groups consisted of pethidine 50 mg, promethazine 25 mg, and scopolamine 0.3 mg intramuscularly 45 min before transport to the operating room.After administration of 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 0.4 mug/kg sufentanil, and 0.5 mg/kg atracurium, anesthesia was induced with either 0.3 mg/kg etomidate in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA or 2 mg/kg propofol in group PRO. Intubation was performed when muscles had relaxed, then the ventilation was adjusted to keep end-tidal carbon dioxide at 35-40 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with etomidate at a constant rate of 0.6 mg/kg/h in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA or 6 mg/kg/h propofol in group PRO. In addition, remifentanil was infused at a constant rate of 0.35 mug/kg/min in all 4 groups. To maintain muscle relaxation, 0.25 mg/kg atracurium was injected repeatedly whenever deemed necessary by the anesthesiologist.

PMID 24621826
Auxiliary Medication The patients in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA were induced with etomidate and sufentanil and maintained with intravenous infusion of etomidate and remifentanil. Group PRO was induced with propofol and sufentanil and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. Premedication in all 4 groups consisted of pethidine 50 mg, promethazine 25 mg, and scopolamine 0.3 mg intramuscularly 45 min before transport to the operating room.After administration of 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 0.4 mug/kg sufentanil, and 0.5 mg/kg atracurium, anesthesia was induced with either 0.3 mg/kg etomidate in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA or 2 mg/kg propofol in group PRO. Intubation was performed when muscles had relaxed, then the ventilation was adjusted to keep end-tidal carbon dioxide at 35-40 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with etomidate at a constant rate of 0.6 mg/kg/h in group ETO, ETO+EA, and ETO+SEA or 6 mg/kg/h propofol in group PRO. In addition, remifentanil was infused at a constant rate of 0.35 mug/kg/min in all 4 groups. To maintain muscle relaxation, 0.25 mg/kg atracurium was injected repeatedly whenever deemed necessary by the anesthesiologist.

PMID 24745865
Auxiliary Medication General anesthesia was induced with 6 mg/kg thiopental sodium, 0.5 mg/kg atracurium, and 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine, and then maintained by administration of 110 mg/kg propofol, 0.5 mg/kg fentanyl, and 0.3 mg/kg atracurium.

PMID 25047046
Auxiliary Medication To avoid postoperative pain all patients receive metamizol 2.5 g iv-infusions and to prevent PONV they receive dexamethasone 8 mg iv and for prevention of gastric stress ulcer they receive ranitidine 50 mg iv during surgery. Postoperatively, subjects are treated for pain with metamizol (4 x 1.25 g/day) and the opioid piritramide (PCA | 2 mg each 10 minutes | maximum dosage 30 mg/4 hours). In case of nausea and vomiting or shivering, patients are treated according to the clinical standard.

PMID 24576720
Auxiliary Medication Anaesthesia was induced i.v. with propofol and remifentanil using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) system. After loss of consciousness, vecuronium (0.1 mg kg21) was administered i.v., and patients were orotracheally intubated 5 min later. Anaesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol and remifentanil. The surgeon did not use vasocon- strictors or local anaesthetics in the nose. In both groups, remifentanil and propofol infusions were stopped 5 min before the end of surgery. Meanwhile, prophylactic parecoxib (40 mg) and tropisetron (2 mg) were administered for postoperative pain and PONV, respectively.

PMID 24865978
Auxiliary Medication Patients in both groups received midazolam 0.03 mg.kg1 as soon as intravenous access was established. Anaesthesia was induced intravenously with fentanyl 3.0 lg.kg1 and propofol 2.0 mg.kg1. Rocuronium 0.5 mg.kg1 was given to facilitate laryn- geal mask airway (LMA) insertion. Anaesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusions of propofol and remifentanil. The anaesthesiologist adjusted the effect-site concentration of propofol and remifentanil according to the haemodynamics and bispectral index.

PMID 35647012
Auxiliary Medication In the control group patients were anesthetized and induced by intravenous midazolam injection (50 µg/kg), phenolphthalein citrate injection (4 µg/kg), propofol emulsion injection (1.5 mg/kg) and vecuronium bromide injection (0.1 mg/kg) before operation. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil hydrochloride for injection (continuous pumping) and sevoflurane (mask semi-closed inhalation, concentration of 4%, and oxygen flow of 3 L/min).

PMID 23865512
Auxiliary Medication All the patients in the two groups were provided the same epidural anesthesia, surgery was performed by the same group of surgeons, and the same prosthesis was used. Following surgery, each patient received the PCA pump for postoperative pain relief containing a mixture of fenta- nyl 0.8 mg, Crispin melanate (tramadol hydrochloride | Grunenthal Gmbh, Aachen, Germany) 800 mg, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution 400 mL. The PCA pump was set to continuously deliver 3 mL/1 h of the mixture and provide a single dose of 4 mL with a 30-minute lockout period pro re nata. The PCA pump was left connected to the patient until the third postoperative day. In addition, each patient was administered celecoxib 200 mg bid for 7 days. The same prophylactic antibiotics were routinely given, including one dose intraoperatively, and were con- tinued for 3 days postoperatively.

PMID 24617242
Auxiliary Medication Midazolam,Propofol,Fentanyl,Vecuronium Bromide

PMID 23342207
Auxiliary Medication The anesthesia technique was the same for all the patients of both groups, which was general anesthesia using fentanyl 2 µg/kg, sodium thiopental 5 mg/kg, atracuriom 0.5 mg/kg, and the maintenance of propofol 100 µg/kg/min.

PMID 23315447
Auxiliary Medication propofol and sufentanil. The induction plasma concentration of propofol was 5 μg/ml and of sufentanil was 0.5ng/ml. When the patients were unconscious, the plasma concentration of propofol was reduced to 3.2 μg/ml, the concentration of sufentanyl was reduced to 0.3 ng/ml and vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg was administered. After muscle relaxation, tracheal intubation was performed. Intermittent administration of 0.05 mg/kg vecuronium bromide was given to maintain muscle relaxation. The concentration of sufentanil was adjusted to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR in the basic range of +10% to −20%. In cases of hypotension (MAP<20% of baseline), bradycardia (HR<50 beats/ min) or hypertension (MAP>10% of baseline values), 6 mg ephedrine, 0.5 mg atropine or 0.2–0.5 mg nicardipine, respectively, was administered.

PMID 24137250
Auxiliary Medication The induction plasma concentration of propofol was 5 μg/ml, and that of sufentanil was 0.5 ng/ml. While the patient was unconscious, the plasma concentration of propofol was reduced to 3.2 μg/ml and that of sufentanil to 0.3 ng/ml, and vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg was administered at the same time. After muscle relaxation, tracheal intubation was performed. Vecuronium bromide (0.05 mg/kg) was intermittently administered performed to maintain muscle relaxation. Sufentanil concentration was adjusted to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR in the basic range of +10% to −20%. In cases of hypotension (MAP <20% of baseline), bradycardia (HR <50 beats/min) or hypertension (MAP >10% of baseline values), 6 mg ephedrine, 0.5 mg atropine or 0.2–0.5 mg nicardipine was administered, respectively.

PMID 23142625
Auxiliary Medication Pethidine 1 mg/kg as postoperative analgesia was given every 4 hours on demand.hidine

PMID 23573118
Auxiliary Medication Patients were included in the study if they had undergone conventional on-bypass surgery via median sternotomy and reported pain during deep inspiration with an intensity of at least 3 on a 1-10 numeric rating scale under standard analgesia with tNSARs and high-dose opioids.

PMID 23665888
Auxiliary Medication Sedation was started with 2–3mg/kg midazolam and 3mg/kg fentanyl and then anaesthesia was induced with 6 mg/ kg thiopental sodium, 0.5 mg/kg athracurium and 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine. Moreover, boluses of fentanyl (1mg/kg) and atracurium besylate (0.2mg/kg) were administered every 30 min. Medical treatment including oral painkillers (paracetamol 500 mg every 4–6 h), lidocaine spray (two puffs every 6 h) and intravenous analgesics (3 mg morphine sulfate in a time interval of not less than 2 h) was administered for postoperative sore throat upon request by the patient if indicated.

PMID 36098938
Auxiliary Medication Patients were intravenously administered midazolam (0.04 mg/kg), etomidate (0.3 mg/kg), sufentanil (0.3 μg/kg), and rocuronium (1 mg/kg). Anesthesia was maintained with a target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. The propofol and remifentanil concentrations were adjusted to hemodynamic index and BIS 40–60. Prophylactic flurbiprofen axetil (50 mg) and azasetron (10 mg) were administered for postoperative pain and PONV. The same surgeon performed all procedures. Patients were transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after extubation in the operation room. All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for 2 days and which contained 100 mL of 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil. The PCIA was set as follows: single-dose 2 mL, lock time 15 min, and no background infusion and continuous infusion. If the movement VAS score was greater than 4 points, flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was intravenously injected as salvage analgesia.

PMID 24024321
Auxiliary Medication Thirty minutes before the operation, a 0.1 g indometacin enema (produced by Shanghai Modern Pharmaceutical Limited Company with batch number H31020401, Shanghai, China) was given to the patients in the three groups.

PMID 22580962
Auxiliary Medication She received 2 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine for a bilateral greater occipital nerve (GON) blockade upon diagnosis of PDPH, and she was recommended oral hydration and acetaminophen tablets. He was recommended oral fluid intake and acetaminophen tablets.

PMID 22580962
Auxiliary Medication He was recommended oral fluid intake and acetaminophen tablets.

PMID 22712373
Auxiliary Medication All patients received patient controlled analgesia pump (PCA) for 48 hours after surgery (400 ml liquids were in PCA pump, including 800 mg tramadol and 0.8 mg fentanyl).

PMID 23072093
Auxiliary Medication Phenobarbital | Atropine | Fentanyl | Propofol | Vecuronium Bromide | Midazolam

PMID 22309902
Auxiliary Medication The induction of anesthesia was accomplished with thiopental, fentanyl, and midazolam. Pancurronium or atracurium was used for neuromuscular blockade. Ventilation was maintained with an air-oxygen mixture plus isoflurane.

PMID 22459647
Auxiliary Medication Midazolam

PMID 22843248
Auxiliary Medication All patients received 1 g paracetamol preoperatively and local anesthesia in the shoulder including 4 mg morphine, 10 mg ropivacain and 30 mg ketorolak at the end of the operation.

PMID 22330010
Auxiliary Medication Anaesthesia started with premedication (midazolam 7.5 mg orally) and followed a standard protocol. For induction of total intravenous anaesthesia, propofol (4 mg/kg bodyweight) and fentanyl (0.1–0.2 mg/kg bodyweight) were administered intravenously (IV). If necessary, anaesthesia was prolonged using additional doses of remifentanyl. If patients reported pain in the postoperative recovery unit, they received morphine (5–15 mg IV) and metamizol (1–2.5 g IV). After surgery, all patients received the same analgesic drug regimen, which consisted of diclofenac at 50 mg orally three times a day and metamizol 500 mg orally four times a day. Furthermore, 5% lidocaine ointment was applied locally. This medication was discontinued if the patient was discharged from hospital or was pain-free. In addition to this regular baseline analgesia, the following rescue analgesics could be applied, if a patient reported strong pain and requested additional therapy: oxycodone (10–20 mg orally, depending on body weight) or piritramide (15 mg IV as a slow infusion over 30 min).

PMID 22732720
Auxiliary Medication The anesthetic technique was standardized as follows: patients were premedicated with midazolam intravenously (IV) (up to 2 mg), and anesthesia was induced with propofol (1 to 2 mg/kg), fentanyl (3 to 5 mg/kg), and a muscle relaxant of choice (cisatracurium, rocuronium, vecuronium). Anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane (1.8% to 2.5%), remifentanil (0.05 to 0.2mg/kg/ min), and intermittent fentanyl (4mg/kg). All patients received dexamethasone IV (10mg) after induction and ondansetron IV (4 mg) before skin closure.

PMID 33140206
Auxiliary Medication The patient was orally administered warfarin 3.75 mg, metoprolol 47.5 mg, amiodarone 200 mg, fosinopril 10 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg, furosemide 20 mg, Spironolactone 20 mg once daily, and metformin 0.5 g twice daily, Wenxin Granules 5 g trice daily.

PMID 22611431
Auxiliary Medication In the case of inappropriate cephalad spread of anaesthesia, incremental epidural supplements of 2% lidocaine were given, starting with 4 mL. When necessary, additional 2 mL boluses were given no earlier than 5 min after the preceding top-up. Haemodynamics were recorded every minute for 30 minutes after the injection of 10 mL of 2% lidocaine and then every 2.5 minutes until the end of surgery. In the case of hypotension, ephedrine of 4 mg was given intravenously. If necessary, additional ephedrine of 4 mg was given every two minutes. We defined hypotension as a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) 30% below baseline values or to less than 90 mmHg in the present study. Atropine of 0.5 mg was given intravenously to treat bradycardia, defined as a decrease in heart rate to less than 50 beats min−1.

PMID 22295830
Auxiliary Medication During operation, the concentration of Seveflurine was adjusted to maintain NTS at D1-D2.

PMID 23227690
Auxiliary Medication Decicaine

PMID 23163146
Auxiliary Medication Tetracaine

PMID 21383391
Auxiliary Medication In both groups, patients were given postoperative analgesia in the ICU according to protocol, which consisted of us of PCA pump with continuous injection of 0.4 μg/ kg/h fentanyl dose (0.04 ml/kg/h fentanyl solution 50 ml + physiological saline solution 200 ml) together with the option of 0.3 μg/kg bolus (0.03 ml/kg of the solution) with a minimum 15 min interval between each bolus as well as a total limit of 30 ml in the 4 h period. Neither non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs nor local anaesthetic were used.

PMID 21570137
Auxiliary Medication All the patients received intramuscular injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) at the beginning of anesthesia induction. Before skin incision, fentanyl 0.1 mg and midazolam 2 mg were injected intravenously. In addition, local subcutaneous anesthe- sia with lidocaine 20-30 ml of 0.25% was used immediately before median sternotomy. During the operation, additional doses of fentanyl and midazolam were given whenever necessary especially during sternal closure.

PMID 21346689
Auxiliary Medication Thirty minutes before surgery, the patients were premedicated with oral midazolam (0.05 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced intravenously with thiopental (4 to 5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1 to 2mg/kg). Cisatracurium (0.1 mg/kg) was used to facilitate the trachea intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with volatile anesthetic desflurane (3.5 to 5.5 volume % endtidal concentration) in a 40% oxygen-air mixture to keep the values of Bispectral Index (BIS) between 40 and 55. The fentanyl was titrated to prevent spontaneous movements, mydriasis, and sweating because of painful stimuli during the surgery, and to keep the heart rate and mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline values. The anesthesiologists were instructed to titrate fentanyl, if possible, in increment doses of 50mg. None of the patients received continuous fentanyl infusion.

PMID 21169634
Auxiliary Medication Sevoflurane 8% in 30% oxygen and 70% nitrous oxide was administered by mask for the induction of anaesthesia. When sufficient depth was attained, sevoflurane was regulated to 3%, an intravenous cannula was inserted and an infusion of 500 ml of Ringer’s acetate started at a non-standardised rate. An orotracheal tube secured the airway. Before the gag was put in place, a bolus dose of 2.5 mg/kg propofol was given intravenously, followed by a maintenance infusion of 12–15 mg/kg/h and remifentanil 0.3-0.7 mg/kg/min. Once the gag was in place, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide were discontinued. Paracetamol 15 mg/kg and ketobemidone hydrochloride-a strong synthetic opioid analgesic not generally available outside Scandinavia-0.1 mg/kg were given intravenously, and if required, alfentanil 25 μg/kg. All children were given dexamethasone 4 mg intravenously as an anti-inflammatory and prophylactic antiemetic.

PMID 21442823
Auxiliary Medication Penehyclidine Hydrochloride | Lactated Ringer's Solution | Sufentanil,Midazolam | Etomidate | Atracurium | Sevoflurane

PMID 22219414
Auxiliary Medication 5mg morphine IV bolus at first, followed by 1.2 mg/h which can be maximally delivered by any patient with a 5-10 min lockout period for the first 48 POHs. Ketorolac (administered via an intramuscular route at a dose of 15 mg every 6-8 h) was given when the patient noticed strong pain | if the pain was uncontrollable, an additional dose of intramuscular administration of Pentazocine (30-60 mg) was used.

PMID 20962656
Auxiliary Medication General anaesthesia was induced with intravenous fentanyl (2ugkg-1), thiamylal sodium (4.0-5.0mgkg-1), lidocaine (1mgkg-1) and rocuronium bromide (0.8-1.0 mgkg-1) for facilitating tracheal intubation. As opioids affect glucose metabolism, we gave the same dosage of fentanyl between TENS group and placebo group when general anaesthesia was induced. The anaesthesia was maintained by 2.0±0.5% sevoflurane in oxygen throughout the duration of surgery for all patients. No additional opioid analgesics were given intraoperatively.

PMID 21570137
Auxiliary Medication All the patients received intramuscular injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) at the beginning of anesthesia induction. Before skin incision, fentanyl 0.1 mg and midazolam 2 mg were injected intravenously. In addition, local subcutaneous anesthe- sia with lidocaine 20-30 ml of 0.25% was used immediately before median sternotomy. During the operation, additional doses of fentanyl and midazolam were given whenever necessary especially during sternal closure.

PMID 22073889
Auxiliary Medication Followed by general anesthesia with midazolam (0.05 mg/kg), fentanyl (5 microg/kg), propofol (2 mg/kg), and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg).

PMID 21385974
Auxiliary Medication Without premedication, anesthesia was induced with 0.2 g/kg/min remifentanil injected IV over 120 seconds, followed by sodium thiopental 3 to 5 mg/kg and rocuro- nium 0.6 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflu- rane (1.0%–1.5%) and remifentanil at a dose of 0.05 g/kg/min with nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen. Ventilation was controlled, and end-tidal Pco2 was maintained be- tween 35 and 40 mm Hg. Rocuronium was given intraop- eratively as required. A nasogastric tube was inserted stomach was emptied. At the end of anesthesia, the residual neuromuscular block was antagonized with glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg IV as necessary. In the postanesthesia care unit, analgesia was begun with an initial dose of fentanyl 50 g and ketorolac 30 mg IV in all patients. A PCA device (WalkMed PCA | McKinley Medical, Wheat Ridge, CO) was programmed to provide 1 mL/h as a basal infusion and a 1-mL bolus with a lockout interval of 15 minutes | the bolus contained fentanyl 12.5 g/mL and ketorolac 1.8 mg/mL with saline (total volume 60 mL).

PMID 20172127
Auxiliary Medication The bispectral index was used to measure the depth of sedation and maintained from 40 to 60. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium.

PMID 20694777
Auxiliary Medication Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil at the dose of 4-8 mg/kg per hour, pumped intravenous drip of vecuronium at 1.0-2.0 μg/kg each hour, and discontinuous intravenous dripped with vecuronium bromide at 0.5-1 mg.

PMID 20131040
Auxiliary Medication All patients were treated with PCEA with 0.1% bupivacaine 100 mL and morphine 5 mg for two days.


Indicator


PMID 36749304
Indicator Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) score | Rs-fMRI |

PMID 34682857
Indicator Rs-fMRI | McGill Pain Questionnaire(MPQ) | The total score of the pain | Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) | Beck’s Depression Inventory II(BDI II) | Measurement of Blood Gonadal Hormone Level | Estrogen | Progesterone | Testosterone |

PMID 22380768
Indicator cTnI | Serum cytokine | C-reactive protein(CRP) |

PMID 20615859
Indicator Sedative drugs dose | Local anaesthetics | Other anaesthetic procedures | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | Blood glucose | White blood cell count | Number and dose of any prescribed drugs taken | Area of peri-incisional oedema | Infection or other adverse events |

PMID 21290841
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) |

PMID 19681777
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 20209977
Indicator Patients' pain response | Anus muscular relaxion state | Postoperative complications |

PMID 19632409
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Postoperative pain | Antiemetic medications received | Type of anesthesia used intraoperatively |

PMID 19709377
Indicator Postoperative pain | Children's hospital of eastern ontario pain scale(CHEOPS) | Emergence agitation scale | Aldrete score | Precordial stethoscope | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Blood pressure(BP) | Percutaneous pulse oximetry |

PMID 19127921
Indicator Changes of the physiologi cal functions | Conduction velocity | Wave peak amplitude of great auricular nerve | Changes of pain sense |

PMID 17959591
Indicator Hemodynamics |

PMID 34622872
Indicator Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Karnofsky performance score | Brief pain inventory | Blood routine | Liver and kidney function |

PMID 19055289
Indicator Dosage of narcotic | Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) | After extubation and the pain degree |

PMID 18679598
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Antiemetic dosage | Degree of pain | Verbal rating scale(VRS) |

PMID 18476416
Indicator Cardiac function | Hemodynamics |

PMID 17224599
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Ibuprofen requirement | Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) |

PMID 17388767
Indicator Pre-operative anxiety | Intraprocedural alfentanil consumption | Visual analogue scale(VAS) | Time to discharge | Number of oocytes retrieved | Number of embryo transfers | Number of positive pregnancy tests per embryo transfer | Number of clinical pregnancies |

PMID 16820123
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Mean and maximum pain levels and nausea | Dosage of alfentanil | Pain relief after the procedure | Time to discharge | Number of oocytes retrieved | Number of embryo transfers | Number of positive pregnancy tests per embryo transfer | Number of clinical pregnancies |

PMID 16903604
Indicator IFN-γ | IL-2 | IL-6 | IL-10 |

PMID 16613274
Indicator Vital signs | Anesthesia conditions | Nerve block effects |

PMID 17081902
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Heart rate(HR) | Pulse oximetry | Noninvasive arterial pressure | Adverse events | Drugs administered | Bradycardia | Tachycardia | Duration of surgery |

PMID 15937559
Indicator Post-operative ibuprofen taken | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Total piritramide requirement | Duration of general anesthesia | Time from tracheal extubation to discharge | Duration of night's sleep after surgery | Time to discharge from the anesthesia recovery room | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | Side effects | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Sedation | Pruritus |

PMID 33488793
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | IL-2 | IL-4 | IFN-γ | IL-2/IL-4 ratio | Cumulative time of rescue analgesia within 48h post-surgery | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Pruritus |

PMID 15777857
Indicator Postoperative piritramide requirement | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time to first PCA request | Total piritramide requirement | Total ibuprofen consumption | Intraoperative fentanyl requirement | Body temperature | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | White blood cell count | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | C-reactive protein(CRP) | Side effects | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Sedation | Pruritus |

PMID 15608039
Indicator State-trait anxiety index(STAI) | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time and drug consumption |

PMID 15804591
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Cortisol(Cor) |

PMID 15992223
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Side effects | Satisfaction scale |

PMID 16419716
Indicator Minimum alveolar concentration(MAC) |

PMID 15385352
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Rescue antiemetic use | Pain | Patient satisfaction |

PMID 15633813
Indicator Verbal score scale(VSS) | Bispectral index(BIS) |

PMID 15609591
Indicator T lymphocyte subsets | Hemodynamics |

PMID 12969098
Indicator Movement | Dilatation of the pupils | Divergence of the eye axes | Auditory evoked potentials(AEPs) | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 12859301
Indicator MAC value of sevoflurane | Reactions to surgical incision in terms of neck | Limb movements | Pupil size (small/dilated) | Orientation of eye axes (parallel/non-parallel) | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 34271271
Indicator Incidence of chronic pain 6 months after surgery | Remifentanil consumption | Time to the first verbal response | Time to endotracheal extubation | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Respiratory depression | Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Demand for rescue analgesics | Patient satisfaction scores on analgesia by 24 h after surgery | Incidence of chronic pain at 3 months after surgery |

PMID 14714354
Indicator NK cell | IFN-γ | IL-2 |

PMID 11754709
Indicator Cocaine amount and frequency | Addiction severity index(ASI) |

PMID 12411789
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | The need for antiemetic rescue | Recovery times | Quality of recovery score | Time to resumption of normal diet | Patient satisfaction |

PMID 11818760
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Use of antiemetic rescue medication |

PMID 12216602
Indicator Total intraoperative usage of alfentanil | Amounts of morphine used | Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 12406527
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Number of PCA demands | Time of the first required analgesic | Total amount of morphine required by PCA | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | SpO2 | Opioid-related adverse effects | Nausea | Vomiting | Dizziness | Pruritus |

PMID 11932132
Indicator Timeline follow-back(TLFB) | Addiction severity index(ASI) | Alcohol dependence scale | Alcohol use by Breathalyzer | Likert scale items | SF-36 | Beck depression inventory(BDI) | Zung self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) | Preferences about therapy(PAT) |

PMID 11576093
Indicator Number of patients treated in the hospital for vomiting | Vomiting | Overnight admissions | Number of readmission days | Parental satisfaction scores |

PMID 11682391
Indicator Demographic questionnaire | State-trait anxiety index(STAI) |

PMID 11506105
Indicator Consumption of intravenous morphine | Incisional pain at rest and during coughing | Deep visceral pain | Verbal rating scale(VRS) | Cortisol(Cor) | Catecholamines |

PMID 33495134
Indicator Age | Gender | Height | Weight | Comorbidities | History of abdominal surgery | Intraoperative infusion volume | Duration of anesthesia | Duration of surgery | Time to the first bowel motion | Time of first flatus | First ambulation | The level of perioperative plasma SP | Occurrence rate of PGD | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Duration of hospital stay | Cost of hospitalization |

PMID 11226090
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Need for rescue medication | Antiemetic dosage | Durations of surgery | Duration of anesthesia | The length of recovery room stay | Duration of hospital stay |

PMID 12575601
Indicator Plasma β-endorphin | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) | Cortisol(Cor) | Blood glucose |

PMID 11159266
Indicator State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | Life Experiences Survey | Arterial blood pressure | Heart rate(HR) | Electrodermal Activity(EDA) |

PMID 10527973
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 10326816
Indicator Time until moderate pain | Time until medication use | Total pain relief | Pain half gone | Total pain medication consumption |

PMID 10594420
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time to first postoperative analgesia | Total analgesia requirement in the first 24 h | Duration of surgery |

PMID 9244025
Indicator Age | Weight | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Motion sickness | Postoperative administration of morphine | Post-operative administration of ondansetron | Laparoscopy type | Menstrual phase |

PMID 9387365
Indicator Anesthesia effect |

PMID 9387349
Indicator β-endorphin | Cortisol(Cor) |

PMID 31915045
Indicator QoR-40 | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Postoperative pain medications | Antiemetic dosage |

PMID 8280549
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Body temperature | Blood concentrations of glucose | Rransferrin | Orosomucoid | Red blood cell count | White blood cell count | Serum concentrations of haemoglobin | Thyroxine(T4) | Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) | Urinary cortisol | Handgrip strength | Arterial blood pressure | Heart rate(HR) | SpO2 |

PMID 1288930
Indicator Respiratory depression | Hypotension | Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) | Amount of liquid infusion | Intestinal gas excreted | Analgetics and antibiotics administered | Wound infection rate after operation |

PMID 1544195
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Age | Gender | Duration of anaesthesia | Number of muscles repaired | Duration of stay in the PAR | PAR recovery scores | Postoperative drug requirements | Time to drinking fluids | Time to discharge from hospital |

PMID 2052392
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Intraoperative discomfort and pain intensity | Postoperative pain intensity | Consumption of analgesics |

PMID 1686080
Indicator Immunoreactive opioid peptides | Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe(MEAP) | Dynorphin A(Dyn A) |

PMID 1768550
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Age | Gender | Duration of anaesthesia | Duration of stay in the PAR | Postoperative drug requirements | Time to drinking fluids | Time to discharge from hospital |

PMID 2382806
Indicator Arterial blood pressure | Heart rate(HR) | Respiratory rate | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Quality of analgesia | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Complications |

PMID 32062864
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Bispectral index(BIS) | Observer's assessment of alertness/sedation(OAAS) | Sufentanil consumption | Number of total and effective attempts of PCIA pump use | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 1978503
Indicator Numeric rating scale(NRS) |

PMID 1978503
Indicator Analgesic effect |

PMID 2784684
Indicator Arterial blood pressure | Heart rate(HR) | Ventilatory frequency | Self-administered dose | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Pethidine dose |

PMID 2487311
Indicator Blood pressure(BP) | Pulse | Respiratory rate | Blood loss | Complication | Anesthetic accident |

PMID 2904213
Indicator Pain threshold |

PMID 6310920
Indicator Immunoreactive β-endorphin | Lipotrophin | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) |

PMID 6606153
Indicator Cumulative morphine requirement | Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 32472663
Indicator Time of first flatus | Time of first defecation | Bristol stool form scale(BSFS) of the first stool | Number of SBMs within four days after CS | Use of glycerin enema during defecation | Time of ambulation | Time of resuming semifluid | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Postoperative GI symptoms | Electrogastrogram(EGG) | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | TNF-α | IL-6 |

PMID 6662343
Indicator Temperature of fingers and toes |

PMID 6660201
Indicator Current value between Accumulation point and indifferent electrode | Electrical skin resistance |

PMID 311153
Indicator Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) | Postoperative morphine administration | Incidence of treatment with vasoactive substances | Questionnaire |

PMID 66867
Indicator Analgesic effect | Uterine contraction | Abdominal pressure and the tightness | The quantity of bleeding | Apgar score | Patients' impressions about acupuncture anesthesia |

PMID 945954
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 945954
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 945954
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 945954
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 945954
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 32378261
Indicator GI symptoms | Electrogastrogram(EGG) | Electrocardiogram(ECG) |

PMID 141644
Indicator McGill Pain Questionnaire(MPQ) |

PMID 1097921
Indicator Evaluating responses to treatment | Physician’s evaluation of joint tenderness | Range of motion of a treated joint | Degree of joint activity |

PMID 4843160
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Respiratory rate | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 4774365
Indicator Blood pressure(BP) | Pulse | Respiratory rate |

PMID 4774365
Indicator Blood pressure(BP) | Pulse rate | Respiratory rate | Cholesterol |

PMID 4774348
Indicator Pulse | Blood pressure(BP) |

PMID 5067773
Indicator Blood pressure(BP) | Pulse | Cardioscope |

PMID 33154688
Indicator Sleep quality | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Athens insomnia scale(AIS) |

PMID 36322060
Indicator Time of first defecation | Time of first flatus | First tolerance of semiliquid diet | First tolerance of solid food | First ambulation | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Length of postoperative hospital stay | Readmission rate within 30 days after discharge | Postoperative complications |

PMID 32539426
Indicator Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Adverse drug events |

PMID 33415861
Indicator Sedative and analgesic effects of anesthesia | Anesthetic dosage | Incidence rate of intraoperative snore | Respiratory depression | Serum β-endorphin level |

PMID 29391879
Indicator CD3 | CD4 | CD8 | Heart rate(HR) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | SpO2 | Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide(PETCO2) | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) | Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) | Side effects | Hypoxemia | Delayed recovery | Postoperative agitation |

PMID 29773696
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Oswestry disability index(ODI) | EuroQol-5-dimension questionnaire(EQ-5D) |

PMID 30277014
Indicator Dyspepsia symptoms score | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time of first defecation | Time of first flatus | Time to resuming diet were noted | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Electrogastrogram(EGG) | IL-6 | Norepinephrine(NE) |

PMID 30356057
Indicator Aldrete score | Post anaesthetic discharge scoring system | In-house score for outpatients | Pre-operative anxiety | Bispectral index(BIS) | Reaction times during emergence | Extubation time | Post-operative analgesic consumption | Pain intensity | Occurrence of anaesthesia-related side effects |

PMID 30381011
Indicator NK cell | TNF-α | IL-6 | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Heart rate(HR) | Hypoxemia | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Duration of hospital stay |

PMID 30425466
Indicator TNF-α | IL-6 | MMP-9 | S100-β | Delirium | Coma | Assessment Method for the intensive care unit | Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale |

PMID 29925916
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time of first defecation | Time to resume diet | Time of first flatus | Time to resume diet | The length of the postoperative hospital stay | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | IL-6 | Norepinephrine(NE) | TNF-α | IL-1β |

PMID 30369370
Indicator Propofol and fentanyI dosage | Heart rate(HR) | Systolic blood pressure(SBP) | IL-4 | IL-10 | Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 36858243
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Inventory Scale(APAIS) | STAI-S6 | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | Pulse oximetry | Blinding assessment |

PMID 28658163
Indicator IL-6 | IL-10 | S100-β | Total dose of remifentanil and propofol | Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) |

PMID 28105066
Indicator Incidence and degree of abdominal distension | Time of first flatus | Time of first defecation | Duration of hospital stay |

PMID 28818674
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Time of first flatus |

PMID 28092106
Indicator STAI-S6 | Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Inventory Scale(APAIS) | Postoperative pain scores in PACU | Opiate requirements in PACU | Incidence of PONV in PACU |

PMID 27437568
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Intraoperative propofol and opioid consumption | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Supplementary analgesic and antiemetic requirements | Extubation time | Length of stay in PACU | Time of first flatus | Time of first defecation | Patient satisfaction |

PMID 32188223
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 27688791
Indicator fMRI | Blood pressure(BP) | State-trait anxiety index(STAI) | SF-36 | QLICD-HY |

PMID 28254101
Indicator Computed tomography(CT) |

PMID 25158837
Indicator Amount of postoperative fentanyl required | Time to the first fentanyl request | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Incidence of analgesia-related adverse effects | Success of patients' blinding |

PMID 25797640
Indicator Time to spontaneous eye opening | Time to tracheal extubation | Time to following commands | Bispectral index(BIS) |

PMID 37730266
Indicator Intraoperative deep breathing | The degree of postoperative incision pain | The postoperative resuscitation time | The ambulatory rate on day after surgery |

PMID 25689986
Indicator Gastric retention(GR) | Gastroparesis cardinal symptom index(GCSI) | Gastroparesis visual analogue scale(GVAS) | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Fasting blood glucose(FBG) | HbA1c |

PMID 26365445
Indicator Systolic blood pressure(SBP) | Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) | Blood pressure(BP) | EuroQol-5-dimension questionnaire(EQ-5D) | Heart rate variability(HRV) | Body mass index(BMI) | Fasting blood lipid profile | |

PMID 26170873
Indicator Questionnaire | Postoperative pain scores | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Duration of PACU stay | Patient satisfaction |

PMID 25975045
Indicator HbA1c | 2h postprandial glucose | Fasting serum insulin | Triglyceride | Total cholesterol | Body mass index(BMI) |

PMID 25926298
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Heart rate(HR) | Bispectral index(BIS) | Sufentanil target plasma concentrations | Anesthetic dosage | Time to spontaneous respiration | Extubation time | Eye-opening time | Time to spontaneous movement | Time to reorientation | Time to discharge from the operating room | Incidence of respiratory depression | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 26350110
Indicator Anesthetic dosage | Blood gas analysis results | Lung function indexes FEV1 and FVC | Post-anesthesia care unit(PACU) status | postoperative complications | Quality of life scores |

PMID 19369187
Indicator Use of PCIA | Recovery times | Time in pain | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Sedation score |

PMID 25661270
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Side effects |

PMID 26011261
Indicator Myocardial infarction type 4a(MI4a) | Post-procedural cardiac function | Major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular event(MACCE) rate | Echocardiography | C-reactive protein(CRP) | TNF-α | IL-6 | IL-10 | High mobility group box 1(HMGB1) | PET/CT imaging |

PMID 25851423
Indicator Vital signs | Pain scores | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Time spent in the PACU | Opioids administered in the perioperative period | Total pain medication consumption |

PMID 36034956
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Heart rate(HR) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | PHQ-9 | GAD-7 | Analgesia satisfaction | Complications | Rehabilitation quality |

PMID 25152761
Indicator Numbers and dosage of analgesic requirements | Visual analog scale(VAS) | vital signs | Recovery time after anesthesia | The level of satisfaction | Side effects |

PMID 25169910
Indicator Postoperative pain scores | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Degree of dizziness and appetite | Consumption of analgesic of PCIA | Antiemetic dosage |

PMID 23188543
Indicator Patient first tolerated solid food | Time of first flatus | Time of first bowel movement | Pain | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 25137842
Indicator Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) | IL-1β | IL-6 | TNF-α |

PMID 24621826
Indicator Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Central venous pressure(CVP) | Heart rate(HR) | Bispectral index(BIS) | Cortisol(Cor) | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) | Epinephrine(E) | Norepinephrine(NE) | Arterial blood gas | pH | PaO2 | PaCO2 | Lactate content |

PMID 24621826
Indicator Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Central venous pressure(CVP) | Heart rate(HR) | Bispectral index(BIS) | Cortisol(Cor) | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) | Epinephrine(E) | Norepinephrine(NE) | Arterial blood gas | pH | PaO2 | PaCO2 | Lactate content | |

PMID 24745865
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 25047046
Indicator Aldrete score | Post Anaesthetic Discharge Scoring System | An In-House score | Anxiety | Pain | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Concomitant medication | Vital signs | Pain intensity | Consumption of analgesics | Sedative drugs dose | Bispectral index(BIS) | Shivering |

PMID 24576720
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Leads I-III of the electrocardiogram | Endtidal carbon dioxide pressure | Peripheral oxygen saturation | Epinephrine(E) | Norepinephrine(NE) | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH) | Glucose | Cortisol(Cor) | β-endorphin | Intra-operative remifentanil consumption | Effects of TEAS at the time to extubation | Time to recall | Respiratory depression | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Dizziness | Pruritus |

PMID 24865978
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | PECO2 | Pulse oximetry | The length of recovery room stay | Anesthetic dosage | Time to removal of the LMA | Time to reorientation | Respiratory depression | Nausea | Vomiting | Dizziness | Pruritus |

PMID 35647012
Indicator Fasting venous blood | Cortisol(Cor) | endothelin(ET) | Norepinephrine(NE) | Dopamine(DA) | TNF-α | IL-6 | IL-1β | CD3 | CD4 | CD4/CD8 | Cognitive impairment | Nausea | Vomiting | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Patients' agitation during the surgery | Patient's respiratory normalization time | intestinal obstruction | intestinal adhesion |

PMID 23865512
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Consumption of analgesic of PCIA | Incidence of analgesia-related adverse effects | Special surgery scores(HSS) | Range of motion(ROM) | Nausea | Vomiting | Dizziness | Drowsiness | Urinary retention |

PMID 24617242
Indicator Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) | Post-operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) | S100-β |

PMID 23342207
Indicator First time requests of analgesics | Vital signs | Blood pressure(BP) | Heart rate(HR) | Blood oxygen level | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Dosage of opium demand | Frequency of opium demand | Opioid related side effects | Nausea | Vomiting | Dizziness | Pruritus |

PMID 23315447
Indicator TNF-α | IL-8 | IL-10 | IgM | IgA | IgG | Full blood count |

PMID 23546631
Indicator Questionnaire | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 24137250
Indicator TNF-α | IL-8 | IL-10 | IgM | IgA | IgG |

PMID 23142625
Indicator Time of first defecation | Time of first flatus | Time that the patients tolerated a solid diet | Time to walk independently | Duration of hospital stay | Postoperative pain scores | Postoperative analgesic requirement |

PMID 23573118
Indicator Forced vital capacity(FVC) | Percentile pain reduction(PPR) |

PMID 23665888
Indicator Postoperative complications | Total sore throats | Sore throats needing medical care |

PMID 23270318
Indicator Bispectral index(BIS) | State-trait anxiety index(STAI) |

PMID 36098938
Indicator QoR-15 | T lymphocyte subsets | Anesthetic dosage | Extubation time | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Time of first postoperative ambulation | Time of first flatus | Postoperative adverse events |

PMID 24024321
Indicator SF-MPQ | Pain-rated index(PRI) | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Present pain intensity(PPI) | NPY level of the follicular fluid |

PMID 22580962
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 22580962
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 22712373
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Harris score | Dosage of liquids and adverse reaction of PCA pump |

PMID 23072093
Indicator Dosages of the anesthetics and the changes | CD3 | CD4 | CD8 | CD4/CD8 | NK cell |

PMID 22309902
Indicator Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Heart rate(HR) | Central venous pressure(CVP) |

PMID 22459647
Indicator Bispectral index(BIS) | Liver function | Renal function | Adverse reactions associated with anesthesia | Cost of midazolam | Respiratory depression | Hypotension | Abdominal distension | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Delayed bowel movement | Rash | Hallucinations | Headache | Thrombophlebitis | Ataxia |

PMID 22843248
Indicator Numeric rating scale(NRS) |

PMID 22330010
Indicator Pain intensity | Numeric rating scale(NRS) | Total number of days on rescue analgesics | Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | Complications |

PMID 22732720
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | The need for antiemetic rescue |

PMID 33140206
Indicator Blood examination | Liver and kidney function | Electrolytes | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Computed tomography(CT) |

PMID 22611431
Indicator Noninvasive arterial pressure | Electrocardiogram(ECG) | Pulse oximetry | Heart rate(HR) |

PMID 22295830
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Blood pressure(BP) | Time from the end of operation to extubation | Awake time | Analepsia quality | Awaking of patient in operation | Patient satisfaction | Side effects | Restlessness | Shivering | Postoperative pain | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Respiratory depression | Time of first anus exhaust |

PMID 23227690
Indicator Dosage of narcotic | Modified fingers pain scores | Postoperative satisfaction scores |

PMID 23163146
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Systolic pressure(SP) | Diastolic pressure(DP) | Mean pressure(MP) |

PMID 21383391
Indicator Fentanyl dose | Postoperative pain intensity |

PMID 21570137
Indicator Operation time | Narcotic drugs (fentanyl) dose | Aortic clamping time | Blood transfusion | Postoperative drainage volume | Cerebral air embolism | Vocal cord injury | Pulmonary infection | Postoperative tracheal intubation time | First time off bed | First time eating | Antibiotics use time | ICU stay time | Postoperative hospital stay | Total medical costs |

PMID 21809126
Indicator Recovery of bladder function | Residual urine volume |

PMID 21346689
Indicator Fentanyl amount given during surgery | Duration of anesthesia | Incidence of intraoperative bradycardia | Frequency of hypotensive episodes | Intraoperative infusion volume | Postoperative piritramide time and requirement | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | The length of recovery room stay |

PMID 21169634
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) |

PMID 21448381
Indicator Zung self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) |

PMID 33341226
Indicator Visual analog scale(VAS) | Oswestry disability index(ODI) | EuroQol-5-dimension questionnaire(EQ-5D) | Incidence of adverse events |

PMID 21442823
Indicator Mean arterial pressure(MAP) | Heart rate(HR) | SpO2 | Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide(PETCO2) | Plasma Endothelin(ET) | Cortisol(Cor) | Hypotension | Hypertension |

PMID 22219414
Indicator IL-6 | IL-10 | TNF-α | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Forced expiratory volume(FEV) | Forced vital capacity(FVC) | Total intake of narcotic medication | Side effects |

PMID 20962656
Indicator Hemodynamics | Blood glucose | Plasma insulin |

PMID 21570137
Indicator Operation time | Narcotic drugs (fentanyl) dose | Aortic clamping time | Blood transfusion | Postoperative drainage volume | Cerebral air embolism | Vocal cord injury | Pulmonary infection | Postoperative tracheal intubation time | First time off bed | First time eating | Antibiotics use time | ICU stay time | Length of postoperative hospital stay | Total medical costs |

PMID 22073889
Indicator Heart rate(HR) | Systolic blood pressure(SBP) | Bispectral index(BIS) | Epinephrine(E) | Cortisol(Cor) |

PMID 21385974
Indicator Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Visual analog scale(VAS) |

PMID 21739700
Indicator Feelings of pain | Circulatory index | Operation effect |

PMID 20172127
Indicator Length of mechanical ventilation in the ICU | Duration of stay in the ICU | Total volume of blood transfusion | Total volume of chest drainage | Complications after the operation | Inotrope scores | Troponin I |

PMID 20694777
Indicator S100-β | Neuron-specific enolase(NSE) |

PMID 20131040
Indicator Bowel sounds | Visual analog scale(VAS) | Itchiness | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting(PONV) | Itchiness | Time for tirst exhaustion after operaton |



Treemap Table
Group Node Sample Count Surgery