SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation SARS-CoV-2 Mutation D614G


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site D614G
Mutation Site Sentence Neutralizing antibodies were the highest against the ancestral D614G and were sequentially reduced against the Omicron variants BA.2, BA.5 and XBB.1.5.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region
Standardized Encoding Gene
Genotype/Subtype -
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease COVID-19    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment -
Location Finland
Literature Information
PMID 39640263
Title Long-term COVID-19 vaccine- and Omicron infection-induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Author Belik M,Reinholm A,Kolehmainen P,Heroum J,Maljanen S,Altan E,Osterlund P,Laine L,Ritvos O,Pasternack A,Naves RA,Iakubovskaia A,Barkoff AM,He Q,Lempainen J,Tahtinen PA,Ivaska L,Jalkanen P,Julkunen I,Kakkola L
Journal Frontiers in immunology
Journal Info 2024 Nov 21;15:1494432
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Mutations occurring in the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 enables the virus to evade COVID-19 vaccine- and infection-induced immunity. METHODS: Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in 111 healthcare workers who received three or four vaccine doses and were followed up to 12 and 6 months, respectively, after the last vaccine dose. Omicron breakthrough infection occurred in 71% of the vaccinees, enabling evaluation of vaccine- and vaccine/infection-induced hybrid immunity. RESULTS: Neutralizing antibodies were the highest against the ancestral D614G and were sequentially reduced against the Omicron variants BA.2, BA.5 and XBB.1.5. S1-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were significantly higher in infected than in uninfected vaccinees, and the fourth vaccine dose in combination with a breakthrough infection resulted in high neutralizing antibody levels against all variants. T cell-mediated immunity, instead, was well retained already after two vaccine doses, and was not significantly strengthened by additional booster vaccine doses or Omicron breakthrough infections. DISCUSSION: While humoral immunity is sensitive to mutations in the S protein and thus declined rapidly, the cell-mediated immunity is durable to antigenic variation, which may explain the good efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against a severe disease.
Sequence Data MW717675.1
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.