HCMV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HCMV Mutation E18L


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site E18L
Mutation Site Sentence Three (E18D/L, D19A/E/G, and R267K/Q) of these positively selected sites are located in extracellular domains, the domains that play a crucial role for successful viral adaptation in response to the host's immune defense.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region US28
Standardized Encoding Gene US28  
Genotype/Subtype -
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease -
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment -
Location -
Literature Information
PMID 21520142
Title Evidence for positive selection in the extracellular domain of human cytomegalovirus encoded G protein-coupled receptor US28
Author Gong X,Padhi A
Journal Journal of medical virology
Journal Info 2011 Jul;83(7):1255-61
Abstract The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded chemokine receptor US28 is also a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, whose signaling pathway is known for its involvement in host immune system evasion. HCMV infection can result in serious disease in immunocompromised individuals and is also linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Identifying amino acid residues that play a crucial role in successful viral adaptation in response to the host's immune defense is critical for effective drug design. In this study maximum likelihood-based codon substitution analyses were carried out to determine whether any codon of US28 has evolved adaptively. If the rate of nonsynonymous (dn) to the rate of synonymous (ds) nucleotide substitutions (omega = dn/ds) is greater than one, the codon is said to be under positive selection, indicating adaptive evolution. Although the overall omega for US28 gene was 0.154, indicating that most codon sites were subject to strong purifying selection, five codon sites are under strong positive selection. Three (E18D/L, D19A/E/G, and R267K/Q) of these positively selected sites are located in extracellular domains, the domains that play a crucial role for successful viral adaptation in response to the host's immune defense. The C-terminal (R329Q/W) and the fifth transmembrane domain (V190I), each have one positively selected site. These results suggest that relative to the extracellular domains, amino acid residues present in intracellular domains are more selectively constrained. A few amino acid residues in extracellular domains of US28 evolved more rapidly, presumably due to positive selection pressure resulting from ligand-binding and pathogen interactions of extracellular domains.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.