IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation E23K


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site E23K
Mutation Site Sentence These substitutions were categorized as follows: In the period from 1990 to 2017, we detected 16 sequences out of 20,886 (0.08%) with resistance markers, namely E23K, K34R, A36V, I38M, I38V, E119D, E198K, and E199G.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region PA
Standardized Encoding Gene PA
Genotype/Subtype -
Viral Reference EPI_ISL_223031; EPI_ISL_233179; EPI_ISL_303199; EPI_ISL_418617;EPI_ISL_403145;EPI_ISL_414241;EPI_ISL_463865
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza A     Influenza B    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment Baloxavir
Location Americas
Literature Information
PMID 39296541
Title Baloxavir Resistance Markers in Influenza A and B Viruses in the Americas
Author Acocal-Juarez E,Marquez-Dominguez L,Vallejo-Ruiz V,Cedillo L,Santos-Lopez G
Journal Drug, healthcare and patient safety
Journal Info 2024 Sep 14;16:105-113
Abstract AIM: Influenza control demands multifaceted strategies, including antiviral drugs. Baloxavir, a recent addition to influenza treatment, acts as an inhibitor of the Polymerase acid (PA) component of the viral polymerase. However, mutations associated with resistance have been identified. PURPOSE: This study analyzed PA gene sequences of influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively) reported in the Americas, retrieved from databases published until May 2023, to identify primary markers of resistance to baloxavir. PATIENTS AND METHODS: PA gene sequences were obtained from the GISAID and NCBI databases, focusing on countries in the Americas with 500 or more sequences for IAV, and 50 or more sequences for IBV. RESULTS: Of the 58,816 PA sequences analyzed for IAV, only 55 (0.1%) harbored resistance markers, representing approximately 1 in 1000 occurrence. The most frequent markers were I38V (21 cases) and I38M (7 cases) at position 38 of PA, followed by E199G (9 cases) at position 199. For IBV, 14,684 sequences were analyzed, of which only eight presented a resistance marker (0.05%). Five sequences had the M34I marker, while the remaining three had the I38V marker. While frequency of resistance markers in PA is comparable to other regions, these results highlight the need for enhanced sequencing efforts, particularly in Latin America. Such efforts would serve to intensify influenza surveillance and inform public health interventions. CONCLUSION: While baloxavir demonstrates efficacy against influenza, resistance markers have been identified, including pre-existing ones. Our study adds eight (IAV: six and IBV: two) new spontaneously occurring substitutions to the existing literature, highlighting the need for continued surveillance. Among these, I38M stands out due to its significant tenfold reduction in drug susceptibility. Therefore, vigilant monitoring of these resistance markers in IAV and IBV remains crucial for maintaining baloxavir's effectiveness and informing future public health interventions.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.