IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation G228S


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site G228S
Mutation Site Sentence Notably, the virus had a G228S substitution in the haemagglutinin protein that might increase its affinity for the human alpha2-6 linked sialic acid receptor.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region HA
Standardized Encoding Gene HA
Genotype/Subtype H6N1
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza like Illnesses    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment -
Location China
Literature Information
PMID 24461756
Title Human infection with avian influenza A H6N1 virus: an epidemiological analysis
Author Wei SH,Yang JR,Wu HS,Chang MC,Lin JS,Lin CY,Liu YL,Lo YC,Yang CH,Chuang JH,Lin MC,Chung WC,Liao CH,Lee MS,Huang WT,Chen PJ,Liu MT,Chang FY
Journal The Lancet. Respiratory medicine
Journal Info 2013 Dec;1(10):771-8
Abstract BACKGROUND: Avian influenza A H6N1 virus is one of the most common viruses isolated from wild and domestic avian species, but human infection with this virus has not been previously reported. We report the clinical presentation, contact, and environmental investigations of a patient infected with this virus, and assess the origin and genetic characteristics of the isolated virus. METHODS: A 20-year-old woman with an influenza-like illness presented to a hospital with shortness of breath in May, 2013. An unsubtyped influenza A virus was isolated from her throat-swab specimen and was transferred to the Taiwan Centres for Disease Control (CDC) for identification. The medical records were reviewed to assess the clinical presentation. We did a contact and environmental investigation and collected clinical specimens from the case and symptomatic contacts to test for influenza virus. The genomic sequences of the isolated virus were determined and characterised. FINDINGS: The unsubtyped influenza A virus was identified as the H6N1 subtype, based on sequences of the genes encoding haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The source of infection was not established. Sequence analyses showed that this human isolate was highly homologous to chicken H6N1 viruses in Taiwan and had been generated through interclade reassortment. Notably, the virus had a G228S substitution in the haemagglutinin protein that might increase its affinity for the human alpha2-6 linked sialic acid receptor. INTERPRETATION: This is the first report of human infection with a wild avian influenza A H6N1 virus. A unique clade of H6N1 viruses with a G228S substitution of haemagglutinin have circulated persistently in poultry in Taiwan. These viruses continue to evolve and accumulate changes, increasing the potential risk of human-to-human transmission. Our report highlights the continuous need for preparedness for a pandemic of unpredictable and complex avian influenza. FUNDING: Taiwan Centres for Disease Control.
Sequence Data EPI459852–EPI459859
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.