HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation I93L


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site I93L
Mutation Site Sentence Strikingly, the Saskatchewan HIV consensus sequence differed from that in the rest of Canada/USA at 9 Pol codons: E35D, P63C and I93L in Protease, and I135T, S162C, P272A, E297A, Q334L, and E399D in reverse transcriptase (Fig. ​(Fig.1c),1c), a remarkable observation given Pol's relative conservation and the long-term stability of the North American [8] and global (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/) subtype B Pol consensus sequences.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region PR
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol  
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1 B
Viral Reference K03455
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune Y
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment PIs
Location Saskatchewan and elsewhere in Canada/USA
Literature Information
PMID 30048246
Title Extensive host immune adaptation in a concentrated North American HIV epidemic
Author Brumme ZL,Kinloch NN,Sanche S,Wong A,Martin E,Cobarrubias KD,Sandstrom P,Levett PN,Harrigan PR,Joy JB
Journal AIDS (London, England)
Journal Info 2018 Sep 10;32(14):1927-1938
Abstract OBJECTIVE: HIV incidence in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, where Indigenous persons make up 80% of those infected, are among the highest on the continent. Reports of accelerated HIV progression, associated with carriage of certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (including the typically protective HLA-B*51) have also emerged from the region. Given that acquisition of HIV preadapted to host HLA negatively impacts clinical outcome, we hypothesized that HIV-host adaptation may be elevated in Saskatchewan. DESIGN: Comparative analysis of population-level HIV sequence datasets from Saskatchewan and elsewhere in Canada/USA. METHODS: We analyzed 1144 HIV subtype B Pol sequences collected in Saskatchewan between 2000 and 2016, comprising approximately 65% of cumulative provincial HIV cases, for the presence of 70 HLA-associated Pol mutations. Sequences from British Columbia (N = 6525) and elsewhere in Canada/USA (N = 6517) were used for comparison. HIV adaptation levels to 34 HLA alleles were also computed. Putative HIV transmission clusters were identified, and the prevalence of HLA-associated adaptations within and outside these clusters was investigated. RESULTS: Analyses confirmed significantly elevated and temporally increasing levels of HIV adaptation to commonly expressed HLA alleles, in particular B*51. Notably, HLA-adapted HIV strains were significantly enriched among phylogenetic clusters in Saskatchewan. CONCLUSION: Extensive circulating HIV adaptation to HLA in Saskatchewan provides a plausible explanation for accelerated progression, while enrichment of adapted variants in phylogenetic clusters suggests they are being widely transmitted. Results highlight the utility of Pol sequences, routinely collected for drug resistance monitoring, for surveillance of HIV-host adaptation, and underscore the urgent need to expand HIV prevention and treatment programmes in Saskatchewan.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.