HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation K103N


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site K103N
Mutation Site Sentence The most common mutation(s) at SE for NRTI was M184V/I (79%), and the most common mutations for NNRTI were Y181C (53%) and K103N (41%) (Table 1).
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region RT
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol:155348
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1 C
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment NNRTI
Location "Thailand, South Africa, India, Malawi, and Tanzania"
Literature Information
PMID 27704010
Title Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Sequence Changes and Drug Resistance Mutation Among Virologic Failures of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5230
Author Vardhanabhuti S,Katzenstein D,Bartlett J,Kumarasamy N,Wallis CL
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Journal Info 2016 Aug 24;3(3):ofw154
Abstract Background. The mechanism of virologic failure (VF) of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy is not well understood. We assessed sequence changes in human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse-transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) regions. Methods. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 pol sequences from 34 participants who failed second-line LPV/r monotherapy were obtained at study entry (SE) and VF. Sequence changes were evaluated using phylogenetic analysis and hamming distance. Results. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 sequence change was higher over drug resistance mutation (DRM) sites (median genetic distance, 2.2%; Q1 to Q3, 2.1%-2.5%) from SE to VF compared with non-DRM sites (median genetic distance, 1.3%; Q1 to Q3, 1.0%-1.4%; P < .0001). Evolution over DRM sites was mainly driven by changes in the RT (median genetic distance, 2.7%; Q1 to Q3, 2.2%-3.2%) compared with PR (median genetic distance, 1.1%; Q1 to Q3, 0.0%-1.1%; P < .0001). Most RT DRMs present at SE were lost at VF. At VF, 19 (56%) and 26 (76%) were susceptible to efavirenz/nevirapine and etravirine (ETV)/rilpivirine (RPV), respectively, compared with 1 (3%) and 12 (35%) at SE. Participants who retained nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) DRMs and those without evolution of LPV/r DRMs had significantly shorter time to VF. Conclusions. The selection of LPV/r DRMs in participants with longer time to VF suggests better adherence and more selective pressure. Fading NNRTI mutations and an increase in genotypic susceptibility to ETV and RPV could allow for the reuse of NNRTI. Further studies are warranted to understand mechanisms of PR failure.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.