IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation K302T


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site K302T
Mutation Site Sentence Within subclade 6B.1A genetic clusters of viruses encoding a range of HA1 amino acid substitutions have emerged with the major groups being: 6B.1A2, with HAs defined by the substitutions L233I in HA1 and V192A in HA2 (V520A), 6B.1A5, with HAs defined by N129D, T185I, and N260D in HA1, 6B.1A6, with HAs defined by T120A in HA1 and 6B.1A7, with HAs defined by K302T in HA1 and I76M, N169S, and E179D in HA2.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region HA1
Standardized Encoding Gene HA
Genotype/Subtype H1N1
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza like Illnesses     Severe Acute Respiratory Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment -
Location North Macedonia
Literature Information
PMID 34745027
Title A Comprehensive Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Influenza Viruses Circulating 2016-2020 in North Macedonia
Author Kuzmanovska M,Boshevska G,Janchevska E,Buzharova T,Simova M,Peshnacka A,Nikolovska G,Kochinski D,Ilioska RS,Stavridis K,Mikikj V,Kuzmanovska G,Memeti S,Gjorgoski I
Journal Frontiers in microbiology
Journal Info 2021 Oct 21;12:713408
Abstract Influenza viruses know no boundaries, representing an example of rapid virus evolution combined with pressure exerted by the host's immune system. Seasonal influenza causes 4-50 million symptomatic cases in the EU/EEA each year, with a global death toll reaching 650,000 deaths. That being the case, in 2014 North Macedonia introduced the sentinel surveillance in addition to the existing influenza surveillance in order to obtain more precise data on the burden of disease, circulating viruses and to implement timely preventive measures. The aims of this study were to give a comprehensive virological and epidemiological overview of four influenza seasons (2016-2020), assess the frequency and distribution of influenza circulating in North Macedonia and to carry out molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) from ILI and SARI patients. Our results showed that out of 1,632 tested samples, 46.4% were influenza positive, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 accounting for the majority of cases (44%), followed by influenza B (32%) and A(H3N2) (17%). By comparing the sentinel surveillance system to the routine surveillance system, we showed that the newly applied system works efficiently and gives great results in the selection of cases. Statistically significant differences (p = < 0.0000001) were observed when comparing the number of reported ILI cases among patients aged 0-4, 5-14, 15-29, and 30-64 years to the reference age group. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA sequences unveiled the resemblance of mutations circulating seasonally worldwide, with a vast majority of circulating viruses belonging to subclade 6B.1A. The PROVEAN analysis showed that the D187A substitution in the receptor binding site (RBS) of the A(H1N1)pdm09 HA has a deleterious effect on the its function. The A(H3N2) viruses fell into the 3C.2a and 3C.3a throughout the analyzed seasons. Molecular characterization revealed that various substitutions in the A(H3N2) viruses gradually replaced the parental variant in subsequent seasons before becoming the dominant variant. With the introduction of sentinel surveillance, accompanied by the advances made in whole-genome sequencing and vaccine therapeutics, public health officials can now modify their approach in disease management and intervene effectively and in a timely manner to prevent major morbidity and mortality from influenza.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.