HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation L90M


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site L90M
Mutation Site Sentence The remaining resistance mutation assays identified eight (4%) K103N, seven (3.5%) L90M, three (1.5%) Y181C, two (1.5%) M184V, one (0.5%) T215Y, and four (2%) T215F samples. Four samples (2% overall) had the following mutations to two drug classes: L90M+M184V, L90M+Y181C, Y181C+T215F, and L90M+M41L+K70R.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region PR
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol  
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1 B
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment PIs
Location Canada;US
Literature Information
PMID 18666824
Title Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy
Author Johnson JA,Li JF,Wei X,Lipscomb J,Irlbeck D,Craig C,Smith A,Bennett DE,Monsour M,Sandstrom P,Lanier ER,Heneine W
Journal PLoS medicine
Journal Info 2008 Jul 29;5(7):e158
Abstract BACKGROUND: Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance can compromise initial antiretroviral therapy (ART); therefore, its detection is important for patient management. The absence of drug-associated selection pressure in treatment-naive persons can cause drug-resistant viruses to decline to levels undetectable by conventional bulk sequencing (minority drug-resistant variants). We used sensitive and simple tests to investigate evidence of transmitted drug resistance in antiretroviral drug-naive persons and assess the clinical implications of minority drug-resistant variants. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and a case-control study of the impact of minority drug resistance on treatment response. For the cross-sectional analysis, we examined viral RNA from newly diagnosed ART-naive persons in the US and Canada who had no detectable (wild type, n = 205) or one or more resistance-related mutations (n = 303) by conventional sequencing. Eight validated real-time PCR-based assays were used to test for minority drug resistance mutations (protease L90M and reverse transcriptase M41L, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y) above naturally occurring frequencies. The sensitive real-time PCR testing identified one to three minority drug resistance mutation(s) in 34/205 (17%) newly diagnosed persons who had wild-type virus by conventional genotyping; four (2%) individuals had mutations associated with resistance to two drug classes. Among 30/303 (10%) samples with bulk genotype resistance mutations we found at least one minority variant with a different drug resistance mutation. For the case-control study, we assessed the impact of three treatment-relevant drug resistance mutations at baseline from a separate group of 316 previously ART-naive persons with no evidence of drug resistance on bulk genotype testing who were placed on efavirenz-based regimens. We found that 7/95 (7%) persons who experienced virologic failure had minority drug resistance mutations at baseline; however, minority resistance was found in only 2/221 (0.9%) treatment successes (Fisher exact test, p = 0.0038). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a considerable proportion of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance is undetected by conventional genotyping and that minority mutations can have clinical consequences. With no treatment history to help guide therapies for drug-naive persons, the findings suggest an important role for sensitive baseline drug resistance testing.
Sequence Data EU439613-EU439615
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.