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Basic Characteristics of Mutations
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Mutation Site
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M184V |
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Mutation Site Sentence
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This patient was under treatment with drugs from the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) drugs and had a variant carrying both the M184V mutation |
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Mutation Level
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Amino acid level |
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Mutation Type
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Nonsynonymous substitution |
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Gene/Protein/Region
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RT |
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Standardized Encoding Gene
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gag-pol:155348
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Genotype/Subtype
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HIV-1 B |
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Viral Reference
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HIV Los Alamos database
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Functional Impact and Mechanisms
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Disease
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HIV Infections
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Immune
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- |
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Target Gene
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-
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Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
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Clinical Information
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Y |
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Treatment
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NRTIs |
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Location
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Italy |
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Literature Information
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PMID
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27858889
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Title
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Correlates of infection and molecular characterization of blood-borne HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in HIV-1 infected inmates in Italy: An observational cross-sectional study
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Author
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Sanarico N,D'Amato S,Bruni R,Rovetto C,Salvi E,Di Zeo P,Chionne P,Madonna E,Pisani G,Costantino A,Equestre M,Tosti ME,Cenci A,Maggiorella MT,Sernicola L,Pontali E,Pansera A,Quattrocchi R,Carbonara S,Signorile F,Surace LA,Federzoni G,Garlassi E,Starnini G,Monarca R,Babudieri S,Rapicetta M,Pompa MG,Caraglia A,Ensoli B,Ciccaglione AR,Butto S
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Journal
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Medicine
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Journal Info
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2016 Nov;95(44):e5257
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Abstract
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Coinfection of blood-borne hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive individuals frequently occurs in inmate population and peculiar viral strains and patterns of virological markers may be observed.Plasma from 69 HIV-1-positive inmates was obtained from 7 clinical centers connected with correctional centers in different towns in Italy. HIV, HBV, and HCV markers were tested by commercial assays. Virus genotyping was carried out by sequencing the protease and reverse transcriptase-encoding region (PR-RT region) for HIV and a region encompassing the NS5B gene for HCV and subsequent phylogenetic analysis.Twelve over 14 HIV-subtyped inmates were infected with HIV-1 subtype B strains. The 2 non-B strains belonged to subtype G and CRF02_AG, in an Italian and a Gambian patient, respectively. Variants carrying the K103N and Y181C resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were found in 2 out of 9 patients naive for combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) (22.2%). Most HIV-positive patients (92.8%) showed evidence of past or present HBV and/or HCV infection. Prevalence of HBV and HCV was 81.2% for both viruses, whereas prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection was 69.6%. A significantly higher presence of HCV infection was found in Italians [odds ratio (OR) 11.0; interval 1.7-80.9] and in drug users (OR 27.8; interval 4.9-186.0). HCV subtypes were determined in 42 HCV or HBV/HCV-coinfected individuals. HCV subtypes 1a, 3a, 4d, and 1b were found in 42.9%, 40.5%, 14.3%, and 2.4% of inmates, respectively. Low titers of HBV DNA in HBV DNA positive subjects precluded HBV subtyping.The high prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfections in HIV-infected inmates, as well as the heterogeneity of HIV and HCV subtypes suggest the need to adopt systematic controls in prisons to monitor both the burden and the genetic forms of blood-borne viral infections, in order to apply targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Sequence Data
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-
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