IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation N31S


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site N31S
Mutation Site Sentence The M2 protein contains the N31S mutation, suggesting its resistance to the M2 channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region M2
Standardized Encoding Gene M
Genotype/Subtype H7N9
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza A    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment amantadine;rimantadine
Location China
Literature Information
PMID 23628410
Title Genomic signature and protein sequence analysis of a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus that causes an outbreak in humans in China
Author Liu Q,Lu L,Sun Z,Chen GW,Wen Y,Jiang S
Journal Microbes and infection
Journal Info 2013 Jun;15(6-7):432-9
Abstract Very recently, a new avian flu outbreak in humans, which is caused by a novel H7N9 influenza A virus (AIV), was reported in China. As of April 13, 2013, 49 confirmed cases (mainly middle-aged to elderly males), including 11 deaths, were reported in China. Here we analyzed the genomic signatures and protein sequences of the human H7N9 AIVs. We found that the genomic signatures of A(H7N9) had high and low identity to avian and human IAVs, respectively, suggesting its avian origin. The signature amino acids of A(H7N9) had high identity to 1997 H5N1 and 2009 H1N1, but low identity to those influenza strains that caused pandemics before 1980. One of the key signature amino acids at 627 in PB2 mutated to lysine, which is associated with mammalian adaptation and increased virulence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. Besides, several other human-like signatures, including PB2-44S, PA-100A, PA-356R, and PA-409N are also found in this avian-origin A(H7N9) virus. The HA protein has the Q226L mutation, which is associated with increased binding to mammalian-like receptors bearing alpha 2,6 receptor in the human upper airway. The M2 protein contains the N31S mutation, suggesting its resistance to the M2 channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine. These findings suggest that this avian-origin AIV gains its bird-to-human, i.e., zoonotic, transmissibility and increased virulence, as well as drug-resistance, by mutating key signature amino acid residues and those in the functional domains of the viral proteins. Therefore, it is prudent to monitor the evolution of A(H7N9), as well as develop strategies to combat any potential epidemic or pandemic.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.