IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation S31N


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site S31N
Mutation Site Sentence Adamantane resistance is imparted mainly by a S31N mutation in the matrix gene, while NAI resistance can result from a number of mutations in the neuraminidase gene.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region M
Standardized Encoding Gene M
Genotype/Subtype H3N2
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza A    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment Adamantane
Location New York;Wisconsin
Literature Information
PMID 19321726
Title Influenza antiviral resistance testing in new york and wisconsin, 2006 to 2008: methodology and surveillance data
Author Laplante JM,Marshall SA,Shudt M,Van TT,Reisdorf ES,Mingle LA,Shult PA,St George K
Journal Journal of clinical microbiology
Journal Info 2009 May;47(5):1372-8
Abstract The need for effective influenza antiviral susceptibility surveillance methods has increased due to the emergence of near-universal adamantane resistance in influenza A/H3N2 viruses during the 2005-2006 season and the appearance of oseltamivir resistance in the influenza A/H1N1 virus subtype during the 2007-2008 season. The two classes of influenza antivirals, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) and the adamantanes, are well characterized, as are many mutations that can confer resistance to these drugs. Adamantane resistance is imparted mainly by a S31N mutation in the matrix gene, while NAI resistance can result from a number of mutations in the neuraminidase gene. During the 2007-2008 season, a neuraminidase mutation (H274Y) conferring resistance to the NAI oseltamivir emerged worldwide in the A/H1N1 virus subtype. Surveillance methodology and data from New York (NY) and Wisconsin (WI) for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 influenza seasons are presented. We used an existing pyrosequencing method (R. A. Bright et al., Lancet 366:1175-1181, 2005) and a modified version of this method for detection of adamantane resistance mutations. For NAI resistance mutation detection, we used a mutation-specific pyrosequencing technique and developed a neuraminidase gene dideoxy sequencing method. Adamantane resistance in the A/H3N2 virus samples was 100% for 2007-2008, similar to the 99.8% resistance nationwide as reported by the CDC. Adamantane resistance was found in only 1.2% of NY and WI A/H1N1 virus samples, compared to that found in 10.8% of samples tested nationwide as reported by the CDC. Influenza A/H1N1 virus H274Y mutants were found in 11.1% of NY samples for 2007-2008, a level comparable to the 10.9% nationwide level reported by the CDC; in contrast, mutants were found in 17.4% of WI samples. These results indicate the need for regional influenza antiviral surveillance.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.