HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation S37D


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site S37D
Mutation Site Sentence The reorganization of the hinge loop by mutations E35D, M36I, and S37D that breaks the ion pair anchoring the flaps and thereby increases the flap flexibility as described in the previously determined complex of PRS17 with darunavir (DRV) is also observed in the current substrate analogue complexes.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region PR
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol  
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment PIs
Location -
Literature Information
PMID 31172041
Title Highly Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Protease Mutant PRS17 Shows Enhanced Binding to Substrate Analogues
Author Agniswamy J,Kneller DW,Brothers R,Wang YF,Harrison RW,Weber IT
Journal ACS omega
Journal Info 2019 May 31;4(5):8707-8719
Abstract We report the structural analysis of highly drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus protease (PR) variant PR(S17), rationally selected by machine learning, in complex with substrate analogues. Crystal structures were solved of inhibitor-free inactive PR(S17)-D25N, wild-type PR/CA-p2 complex, and PR(S17) in complex with substrate analogues, CA-p2 and p2-NC. Peptide analogues p2-NC and CA-p2 exhibit inhibition constants of 514 and 22 nM, respectively, for PR(S17) or approximately 3-fold better than for PR. CA-p2 is a better inhibitor of PR(S17) than are clinical inhibitors (K (i) = 50-8390 nM) except for amprenavir (K (i) = 11 nM). G48V resistance mutation induces curled flap tips in PR(S17)-D25N structure. The inner P2-P2' residues of substrate analogues in PR(S17) complexes maintain similar conformations to those of wild-type complex, while significant conformational changes are observed in the peripheral residues P3, P4' of CA-p2 and P3, P4, and P3' of p2-NC. The loss of beta-branched side chain by V82S mutation initiates a shift in 80's loop and reshapes the S3/S3' subsite, which enhances substrate binding with new hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions that are absent in the wild-type structures. The steric hindrance caused by G48V mutation in the flap of PR(S17) contributes to altered binding interactions of P3 Arg, P4' norleucine of CA-p2, and P4 and P3' of p2-NC with the addition of new hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts. The enhanced interaction of PR(S17) with substrate analogues agrees with their relative inhibition, suggesting that this mutant improves substrate binding while decreasing affinity for clinical inhibitors.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.