IV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation IV Mutation S91R


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site S91R
Mutation Site Sentence The mutations observed with the 2018 HA sequence such as S91R, S181T, S200P, I312V, K319T, I419M, and E523D might improve the fitness of the virus in a new host and environment.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region HA
Standardized Encoding Gene HA
Genotype/Subtype H1N1
Viral Reference A/California/04/2009
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease Influenza A    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment -
Location Indian
Literature Information
PMID 37006623
Title Evolution of Indian Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Strains: A Comparative Analysis of the Pandemic Californian HA Strain
Author Pushan SS,Samantaray M,Rajagopalan M,Ramaswamy A
Journal Frontiers in molecular biosciences
Journal Info 2023 Mar 16;10:1111869
Abstract The need for a vaccine/inhibitor design has become inevitable concerning the emerging epidemic and pandemic viral infections, and the recent outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus is one such example. From 2009 to 2018, India faced severe fatalities due to the outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, the potential features of reported Indian H1N1 strains are analyzed in comparison with their evolutionarily closest pandemic strain, A/California/04/2009. The focus is laid on one of its surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), which imparts a significant role in attacking the host cell surface and its entry. The extensive analysis performed, in comparison with the A/California/04/2009 strain, revealed significant point mutations in all Indian strains reported from 2009 to 2018. Due to these mutations, all Indian strains disclosed altered features at the sequence and structural levels, which are further presumed to be associated with their functional diversity as well. The mutations observed with the 2018 HA sequence such as S91R, S181T, S200P, I312V, K319T, I419M, and E523D might improve the fitness of the virus in a new host and environment. The higher fitness and decreased sequence similarity of mutated strains may compromise therapeutic efficacy. In particular, the mutations observed commonly, such as serine-to-threonine, alanine-to-threonine, and lysine-to-glutamine at various regions, alter the physico-chemical features of receptor-binding domains, N-glycosylation, and epitope-binding sites when compared with the reference strain. Such mutations render diversity among all Indian strains, and the structural and functional characterization of these strains becomes inevitable. In this study, we observed that mutational drift results in the alteration of the receptor-binding domain, the generation of new variant N-glycosylation along with novel epitope-binding sites, and modifications at the structural level. Eventually, the pressing need to develop potentially distinct next-generation therapeutic inhibitors against the HA strains of the Indian influenza A (H1N1) virus is also highlighted here.
Sequence Data AEN79398;AJE62461;AKM14732;AKM14739;AJE62527;AKE37501;ALA50342;ASJ82233;ATW75053;QEU44874;ALX27941;AEN79399;AKM14733;AKM14740;AJE62528;AKE37493;ALA50343;ASJ82234;ATW75054;QEU44876;ALX27940;AEM63501;AKM14734;AKM14741;AJE62529;AKE37494;ALD18975;ASJ82238;ATW75055;QEU44877;AKM14710;AKM14717;AKM14735;AKM14742;AJE62530;ARG42801;AKS48057;ASJ82239;ATW75056;QEU44883;AKM14711;AKM14718;AKM14736;AKM14743;AJE62520;ARG42802;ALK80387;ASJ82240;ATW75057;QEU44880;AKM14712;AKM14719;AIU46629;AKM14744;AJE62521;ALK80385;ASJ82241;ATW75058;QEU44882;AKM14713;AKM14720;AKS48053;AKM14745;AJE62522;ALK80389;ASJ82242;ATW75059;QEU44879;AKM14714;AKM14721;AJE62491;AKM14746;AKE37409;ALK80390;ASJ82243;ATW75060;QEU44878;AKM14715;AKM14722;AJE62492;AKM14747;AGY42549;ALK80386;ASJ82244;ATW75061;QEU44873;AKM14716;AKM14723;AJE62493;AKM14748;AKE37418;ALK80388;ASJ82245;ATW75062;QPC70893;AJE62445;AJE62474;AJE62483;AII31198;AJE62523;ASU06458;ASR91934;QCP70895;ADG57095;AEM63474;AJE62484;AJE62511;AJE62524;ASU06459;ASR91935;QCP70896
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.