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Basic Characteristics of Mutations
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Mutation Site
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T478K |
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Mutation Site Sentence
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The S gene mutations K417N, L452R, T478K and A701V were absent in period A, E484K, N501Y, and P681R had entropy values of 0.043, 0.173 and 0.104 respectively (Table 2). |
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Mutation Level
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Amino acid level |
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Mutation Type
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Nonsynonymous substitution |
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Gene/Protein/Region
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S |
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Standardized Encoding Gene
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S
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Genotype/Subtype
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Delta;Omicron;G |
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Viral Reference
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"NC 045,512.2"
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Functional Impact and Mechanisms
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Disease
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-
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Immune
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- |
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Target Gene
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-
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Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
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Clinical Information
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- |
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Treatment
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- |
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Location
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Pakistan |
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Literature Information
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PMID
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38017265
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Title
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Substitution spectra of SARS-CoV-2 genome from Pakistan reveals insights into the evolution of variants across the pandemic
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Author
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Ashraf J,Bukhari SARS,Kanji A,Iqbal T,Yameen M,Nisar MI,Khan W,Hasan Z
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Journal
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Scientific reports
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Journal Info
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2023 Nov 28;13(1):20955
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Abstract
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Changing morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 across the pandemic has been linked with factors such as the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination. Mutations in the Spike glycoprotein enhanced viral transmission and virulence. We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 mutation rates and entropy were associated COVID-19 in Pakistan, before and after the introduction of vaccinations. We analyzed 1,705 SARS-CoV-2 genomes using the Augur phylogenetic pipeline. Substitution rates and entropy across the genome, and in the Spike glycoprotein were compared between 2020, 2021 and 2022 (as periods A, B and C). Mortality was greatest in B whilst cases were highest during C. In period A, G clades were predominant, and substitution rate was 5.25 x 10(-4) per site per year. In B, Delta variants dominated, and substitution rates increased to 9.74 x 10(-4). In C, Omicron variants led to substitution rates of 5.02 x 10(-4). Genome-wide entropy was the highest during B particularly, at Spike E484K and K417N. During C, genome-wide mutations increased whilst entropy was reduced. Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 genome substitution rates were associated with a period when more virulent SARS-CoV-2 variants were prevalent. Reduced substitution rates and stabilization of genome entropy was subsequently evident when vaccinations were introduced. Whole genome entropy analysis can help predict virus evolution to guide public health interventions.
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Sequence Data
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Supplementary Table 1
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