HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation T97A


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site T97A
Mutation Site Sentence Two new mutations T97A and S147G in the integrase and no other new resistance associated mutations in protease and reverse transcriptase in comparison to the sample analyzed in June 2013 were detected.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region IN
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol:155348
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV-HCV Coinfection    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment dolutegravir (DTG);raltegravir (RAL)
Location Germany
Literature Information
PMID 25397494
Title New dolutegravir resistance pattern identified in a patient failing antiretroviral therapy
Author Carganico A,Dupke S,Ehret R,Berg T,Baumgarten A,Obermeier M,Walter H
Journal Journal of the International AIDS Society
Journal Info 2014 Nov 2;17(4 Suppl 3):19749
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The most recently approved antiretroviral, the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG), is described to be a very potent drug with a unique resistance profile, but a certain degree of cross-resistance to RAL or EVG induced drug resistance, which is mediated mainly by integrase mutations at positions 140 and 148. The impact of a single N155H mutation to DTG resistance is described to be minor. However, there is only rare data available about the impact of N155H in the context of secondary site integrase mutations. Here, we present a case of virological failure in a DTG treated patient based on N155H mutation background. METHODS: Therapy monitoring of an HIV-HCV co-infected patient harbouring already an omni-drug-class resistant HIV-1 in consequence of more than 20 years ART history. Drug susceptibility testing was performed by RT-PCR from plasma and subsequent Sanger sequencing. Tropism testing was done from proviral DNA with FPR cut-offs according to the German recommendations. RESULTS: In 2013, the patient harbouring a virus with high level resistance to all RTI and PI received a regimen containing FTC, TDF, DRV/r, RPV, T20, and RAL to handle a viral load of 5000 RNA copies/mL, but never achieved fully suppressed viral load. In June 2013, after S119R, N155H and E157Q mutations in viral integrase were detected, the patient received DTG, and RAL was stopped. One month later, when viral load was undetectable for the first time since 2007, ART was de-escalated by removing T20. Since February 2014, low-level viral load was re-detectable. Two new mutations T97A and S147G in the integrase and no other new resistance associated mutations in protease and reverse transcriptase in comparison to the sample analyzed in June 2013 were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Highly resistant HIV-1 strains have been a common problem in the past. Their frequencies were pushed back by highly potent ART, but the virus is still able to become resistant against all available antiretrovirals at once. The here documented strain became resistant to DTG without carrying mutations at the described positions 140 and 148, but in the context of integrase N155H. Since N155H alone is described not to contribute sufficient resistance to DTG, there seems to be a need to re-check viruses with N155H plus minor mutations (like T97A, S119R, S147G and E157Q) potentially contributing to DTG resistance.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.