HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation Y181C


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site Y181C
Mutation Site Sentence Integrated WT 001-005 contained the wild-type codon, and Integrated DRM 001-005 contained DRM-conferring nucleotide substitutions for K65R, K103N, V106M, Y181C, M184VI, and G190A (Supplementary Table 9).
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region RT
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol:155348
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1
Viral Reference HXB2
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information -
Treatment NNRTIs
Location Los Alamos
Literature Information
PMID 33603155
Title PANDAA intentionally violates conventional qPCR design to enable durable, mismatch-agnostic detection of highly polymorphic pathogens
Author MacLeod IJ,Rowley CF,Essex M
Journal Communications biology
Journal Info 2021 Feb 18;4(1):227
Abstract Sensitive and reproducible diagnostics are fundamental to containing the spread of existing and emerging pathogens. Despite the reliance of clinical virology on qPCR, technical challenges persist that compromise their reliability for sustainable epidemic containment as sequence instability in probe-binding regions produces false-negative results. We systematically violated canonical qPCR design principles to develop a Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation (PANDAA), a point mutation assay that mitigates the impact of sequence variation on probe-based qPCR performance. Using HIV-1 as a model system, we optimized and validated PANDAA to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). Ultra-degenerate primers with 3' termini overlapping the probe-binding site adapt the target through site-directed mutagenesis during qPCR to replace DRM-proximal sequence variation. PANDAA-quantified DRMs present at frequency >/=5% (2 h from nucleic acid to result) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96.9% and 97.5%, respectively. PANDAA is an innovative advancement with applicability to any pathogen where target-proximal genetic variability hinders diagnostic development.
Sequence Data -
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.