HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation Y188C


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site Y188C
Mutation Site Sentence Table 1.PDR mutations and level of resistance to common ARVs at ART initiation according to either the Stanford University HIV‐DR database algorithm or CPR tool among newly diagnosed PWH in eastern Ethiopia, 2020/2021.
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region RT
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol:155348
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1 C
Viral Reference KU319528.1;MG839286.1;MT416711.1;KF026220.1;KT020933.1;K03455.1;MK702015.1;OP894533.1;OL624883.1
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment NNRTIs
Location Eastern Ethiopia
Literature Information
PMID 40242261
Title Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People in Eastern Ethiopia
Author Gemechu A,Mihret A,Mengesha M,Alemayehu DH,Kidane E,Aseffa A,Howe R,Seyoum B,Mulu A
Journal Health science reports
Journal Info 2025 Apr 16;8(4):e70672
Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In Ethiopia, HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) data are limited owing to a lack of routine genotyping resistance tests. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 PDR mutations and genetic diversity among newly diagnosed people with HIV in eastern Ethiopia. METHODS: HIV RNA was extracted using Abbott m2000sp. HIV-1 partial pol genes were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method. DRM profiles were examined and interpreted according to the calibrated population resistance (CPR) and Stanford University HIV drug resistance algorithms. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using PhyML version 3.0 and visualized using the iTOL tool. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify baseline factors associated with outcomes at a p value of < 0.05. RESULTS: Among newly diagnosed individuals with baseline viral load (>/= 1000 copies/mL) and amplifications were successful, the genotyping success rate was 78.4%. Among the isolates successfully sequenced, three HIV-1 strains were detected, of which 97.1% had HIV-1 subtype C, 1.4% A1C, and 1.4% CF1 recombinant. According to the Stanford HIVDR algorithm, 21.7% of people had at least one drug associated PDR mutation, whereas CPR reported 14.5% DRMs. NNRTIs had the highest PDR mutation rate (13.0%), followed by NRTIs (7.2%) and PIs (2.9%). The most commonly observed major DRMs were: NNRTIs (K103N and G190A), NRTIs (D67G and L210W), and PIs (L90M and I54S). Patients who were bedridden at enrollment were more likely to harbor PDR mutations (AOR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.53-30.7). CONCLUSIONS: High PDR levels, predominantly for NNRTIs, are observed. During clinical follow-up, special attention should be given to bedridden functional status patients. Further surveillance studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of prolonged accumulation of resistance and its transmission on current ART regimens and to design appropriate interventions to halt the HIV epidemic.
Sequence Data OR364623–OR364696
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.