HIV Mutation Detail Information

Virus Mutation HIV Mutation Y318F


Basic Characteristics of Mutations
Mutation Site Y318F
Mutation Site Sentence Table 2.RAMs to NNRTIs among individuals failing ART
Mutation Level Amino acid level
Mutation Type Nonsynonymous substitution
Gene/Protein/Region RT
Standardized Encoding Gene gag-pol:155348
Genotype/Subtype HIV-1 M
Viral Reference -
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
Disease HIV Infections    
Immune -
Target Gene -
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
Clinical Information Y
Treatment NNRTIs
Location Cameroon
Literature Information
PMID 40297528
Title HIV-1 cross-resistance to second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among individuals failing antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon: implications for the use of long-acting treatment regimens in low- and middle-income countries
Author Gouissi Anguechia DH,Bouba Y,Semengue ENJ,Takou D,Chenwi CA,Mekel VK,Beloumou GA,Nka AD,Ka'e AC,Djupsa SCN,Colizzi V,Ndembi N,Ndjolo A,Mbanya D,Perno CF,Fokam J
Journal JAC-antimicrobial resistance
Journal Info 2025 Apr 28;7(2):dlaf059
Abstract BACKGROUND: Several long-acting antiretroviral treatment regimens contain second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2ndGenNNRTI). As first-generation NNRTIs (1stGenNNRTI) exhibit some cross-resistance with 2ndGenNNRTI, we sought to evaluate the rate of acquired cross-resistance to 2ndGenNNRTI and its determinants at treatment failure in a typical low- and middle-income country (LMIC) such as Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients failing first-/second-line regimens between 2019 and 2023 in Cameroon. HIV-1 Sanger sequencing was performed on plasma and resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) to etravirine, rilpivirine and doravirine were interpreted using HIVdb program v.9.5.0 (HIVdb penalty scores were, >/=60, high resistance; 15-59, intermediate resistance and <15, susceptible) and the IAS-USA 2022 list. RESULTS: Overall, 653 individuals previously exposed to 1stGenNNRTI were enrolled [median (IQR) age 39 (26-46) years and viraemia 59 370 (10 442-244 916) copies/mL]. Importantly, 361 participants were on 1stGenNNRTI-based first-line and 292 on protease inhibitor-based second-line regimen. NNRTIs RAMs were found in up to 90.64% of individuals, with 36.45% having more than three RAMs. Concerning 2ndGenNNRTIs, 77.18% of individuals harboured RAMs conferring high or intermediate-level resistance, with the predicted efficacy of etravirine, doravirine and rilpivirine being 47.17%, 33.23% and 32.31%, respectively. Major 2ndGenNNRTIs RAMs were driven by Y181C (23.74%), K101E (8.57%), Y188L (8.42%) and H221Y (8.42%), while minor RAMs were A98G (18.83%), G190A (18.68%) and P225H (14.70%). A higher prevalence of RAMs was observed in those failing first-line versus second line (81.71% versus 71.57%, respectively, P < 0.001), driven predominantly by the difference in doravirine-RAMs [first line (72.85%) versus second line (59.58%), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients failing treatment in Cameroon, there is a high-level of cross-resistance to 2ndGenNNRTI due to wide exposure to 1stGenNNRTI. Thus, in LMICs sharing similar programmatic features, the use of NNRTI-sparing regimens should be prioritized as a public health approach, while second-generation-NNRTI long-acting regimens should be guided by genotyping or for clients without previous exposure to NNRTIs.
Sequence Data OQ985493–OQ985958;OR259435–OR259523;OR259542–OR259566;OR259577–OR259599;OR259764–OR259779;OR259787–OR259819;OR365155
Mutation Information
Note
Basic Characteristics of Mutations
  • Mutation Site: The specific location in a gene or protein sequence where a change occurs.
  • Mutation Level: The level at which a mutation occurs, including the nucleotide or amino acid level.
  • Mutation Type: The nature of the mutation, such as missense mutation, nonsense mutation, synonymous mutation, etc.
  • Gene/Protein/Region: Refers to the specific region of the virus where the mutation occurs. Including viral genes, viral proteins, or a specific viral genome region. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main
  • Gene/Protein/Region studied in the article is marked.
  • Genotype/Subtype: Refers to the viral genotype or subtype where the mutation occurs. If the article does not specifically indicate the relationship between the mutation and its correspondence, the main Genotype/Subtype studied in the article is marked.
  • Viral Reference: Refers to the standard virus strain used to compare and analyze viral sequences.
Functional Impact and Mechanisms
  • Disease: An abnormal physiological state with specific symptoms and signs caused by viral infection.
  • Immune: The article focuses on the study of mutations and immune.
  • Target Gene: Host genes that viral mutations may affect.
Clinical and Epidemiological Correlations
  • Clinical Information: The study is a clinical or epidemiological study and provides basic information about the population.
  • Treatment: The study mentioned a certain treatment method, such as drug resistance caused by mutations. If the study does not specifically indicate the relationship between mutations and their correspondence treatment, the main treatment studied in the article is marked.
  • Location: The source of the research data.
Literature Information
  • Sequence Data: The study provides the data accession number.